The Role of the Fused Ring in Bicyclic Triazolium Organocatalysts: Kinetic, X-ray, and DFT Insights.

The Role of the Fused Ring in Bicyclic Triazolium Organocatalysts: Kinetic, X-ray, and DFT Insights.
复制标题

DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.1c03073
复制
发表时间:
2022-03-18
期刊:
The Journal of organic chemistry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
O'Donoghue AC
O'Donoghue AC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhu J;Moreno I;Quinn P;Yufit DS;Song L;Young CM;Duan Z;Tyler AR;Waddell PG;Hall MJ;Probert MR;Smith AD;O'Donoghue AC

文献摘要

参考文献

相似文献

双环三唑骨架广泛应用于N-杂环卡宾(NHC)有机催化。虽然融合环的引入最初是为了获得手性模块化三唑基支架的合成效用,但最近的结果突出了对反应结果的影响,其基础来源尚不清楚。所有三唑催化转化的共同第一步是C(3)-H去质子化以形成亚三唑基NHC。在此,我们报告了一系列双环三唑盐的C(3)质子转移反应的影响的大小的稠合(5-,6-,和7-元,n = 1,2,和3,分别)环的分析。氘氧催化的三唑鎓盐的C(3)-H/D-交换反应的速率常数kDO受相邻稠环的大小的显著影响,动力学酸度趋势或离原性遵循kDO(n = 1)> kDO(n = 2)> kDO(n = 3)。20个三唑盐(包括16个新结构)的X射线衍射(XRD)数据和相应的三唑亚甲基NHC的计算数据的详细分析提供了对稠环尺寸改变的结构影响的见解。特别是,内部三唑基NCN角和定位的最接近的CH 2与变化的稠环大小的变化,提出影响实验prototugality秩序。
Bicyclic triazolium scaffolds are widely employed in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis. While the incorporation of a fused ring was initially for synthetic utility in accessing chiral, modular triazolyl scaffolds, recent results highlight the potential for impact upon reaction outcome with the underpinning origins unclear. The common first step to all triazolium-catalyzed transformations is C(3)-H deprotonation to form the triazolylidene NHC. Herein, we report an analysis of the impact of size of the fused (5-, 6-, and 7-membered, n = 1, 2, and 3, respectively) ring on the C(3) proton transfer reactions of a series of bicyclic triazolium salts. Rate constants for the deuteroxide-catalyzed C(3)-H/D-exchange of triazolium salts, kDO, were significantly influenced by the size of the adjacent fused ring, with the kinetic acidity trend, or protofugalities, following the order kDO (n = 1) > kDO (n = 2) ≈ kDO (n = 3). Detailed analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data for 20 triazolium salts (including 16 new structures) and of computational data for the corresponding triazolylidene NHCs provide insight on structural effects of alteration of fused ring size. In particular, changes in internal triazolyl NCN angle and positioning of the most proximal CH2 with variation in fused ring size are proposed to influence the experimental protofugality order.
DOI: 10.1021/jo902018j
发表时间: 2009-12-04
影响因子: 3.6
作者:
Baragwanath, Louise;Rose, Christopher A.;Connon, Stephen J.
通讯作者: Connon, Stephen J.
DOI: 10.1021/jo070973i
发表时间: 2007-09-28
影响因子: 3.6
作者:
Chu, Yuan;Deng, Hui;Cheng, Jin-Pei
通讯作者: Cheng, Jin-Pei
DOI: 10.1002/anie.196400011
发表时间: 1964-01-01
影响因子: 16.6
作者:
EIGEN, M
通讯作者: EIGEN, M
DOI: 10.1021/ja039890j
发表时间: 2004-04-07
影响因子: 15
作者:
Amyes, TL;Diver, ST;Toth, K
通讯作者: Toth, K
DOI: 10.1021/ja00040a007
发表时间: 1992-07-01
影响因子: 15
作者:
ARDUENGO, AJ;DIAS, HVR;KLINE, M
通讯作者: KLINE, M