Measurements and Simulations of Aerosol Released while Singing and Playing Wind Instruments.
Measurements and Simulations of Aerosol Released while Singing and Playing Wind Instruments.
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DOI：
10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00007
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发表时间：
2021-11-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Miller SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stockman T;Zhu S;Kumar A;Wang L;Patel S;Weaver J;Spede M;Milton DK;Hertzberg J;Toohey D;Vance M;Srebric J;Miller SL
来自唱诗班表演的爆发，如斯卡吉特山谷唱诗班，表明唱歌带来了COVID-19感染的潜在风险。关于其他音乐表演（如演奏管乐器或表演戏剧）的空气传播感染风险，人们知之甚少。此外，了解可用于降低感染风险的方法也很重要。在这项研究中，我们使用了各种方法，包括流动可视化，气溶胶和CO2测量，以及计算流体动力学（CFD）建模，以了解可能导致音乐表演和风险缓解的传播风险的不同组成部分。这项研究是可能的，因为跨学术部门和机构的伙伴关系，并与国家高中协会全国联合会和大学乐队总监全国协会的合作。跨学科团队使我们能够了解音乐表演中气溶胶传播风险的各个方面，并在COVID-19大流行期间迅速实施音乐教室的策略。我们发现音乐表演产生的羽流具有高度方向性、不稳定性，并且在时间和空间上变化很大。气溶胶数浓度在单簧管的铃声测量是可比的唱歌。面罩和钟罩减弱了烟羽的速度和长度，降低了面罩前测得的气溶胶浓度。CFD模型显示了室内和室外环境之间的差异，空气传播COVID-19感染的最低风险发生在室内暴露不到30分钟和室外暴露不到60分钟。
Outbreaks from choir performances, such as the Skagit Valley Choir, showed that singing brings potential risk of COVID-19 infection. There is less known about the risks of airborne infection from other musical performances, such as playing wind instruments or performing theater. In addition, it is important to understand methods that can be used to reduce infection risk. In this study, we used a variety of methods, including flow visualization, aerosol and CO2 measurements, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to understand the different components that can lead to transmission risk from musical performance and risk mitigation. This study was possible because of a partnership across academic departments and institutions and collaboration with the National Federation of State High School Associations and the College Band Directors National Association. The interdisciplinary team enabled us to understand the various aspects of aerosol transmission risk from musical performance and to quickly implement strategies in music classrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that plumes from musical performance were highly directional, unsteady and varied considerably in time and space. Aerosol number concentration measured at the bell of the clarinet was comparable to that of singing. Face and bell masks attenuated plume velocities and lengths and decreased aerosol concentrations measured in front of the masks. CFD modeling showed differences between indoor and outdoor environments and that the lowest risk of airborne COVID-19 infection occurred at less than 30 min of exposure indoors and less than 60 min outdoors.
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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