Translation elongation rate varies among organs and decreases with age.

Translation elongation rate varies among organs and decreases with age.
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不同器官的翻译延伸率不同,且随年龄的增长而降低。

DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkaa1103
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发表时间:
2021-01-25
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Gladyshev VN
Gladyshev VN
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gerashchenko MV;Peterfi Z;Yim SH;Gladyshev VN

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人们对靶向蛋白质合成以治疗疾病和延长寿命的兴趣激增。尽管取得了这些进展,但在活体动物中评估翻译的选择很少,因为它们的复杂性限制了监测和操纵器官和单个细胞内过程的实验工具库。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种无标记的方法来测量器官和细胞类型特异性的翻译延长率在体内。它是基于在活体动物中翻译起始和延伸抑制剂的时间分辨递送,然后进行核糖体分析。它还报告翻译起始位点的器官特异性的方式。使用这种方法,我们发现小鼠器官之间的延伸率差异超过50%,并确定它们分别为每秒6.8,5.0和4.3个氨基酸的肝脏,肾脏和骨骼肌。我们进一步发现,在青年和中年之间,伸长率降低了20%。因此,翻译是细胞中的主要代谢过程,在新生多肽链的延伸水平上受到严格调控。
There has been a surge of interest towards targeting protein synthesis to treat diseases and extend lifespan. Despite the progress, few options are available to assess translation in live animals, as their complexity limits the repertoire of experimental tools to monitor and manipulate processes within organs and individual cells. It this study, we developed a labeling-free method for measuring organ- and cell-type-specific translation elongation rates in vivo. It is based on time-resolved delivery of translation initiation and elongation inhibitors in live animals followed by ribosome profiling. It also reports translation initiation sites in an organ-specific manner. Using this method, we found that the elongation rates differ more than 50% among mouse organs and determined them to be 6.8, 5.0 and 4.3 amino acids per second for liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, respectively. We further found that the elongation rate is reduced by 20% between young adulthood and mid-life. Thus, translation, a major metabolic process in cells, is tightly regulated at the level of elongation of nascent polypeptide chains.
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