Extrusion without a motor: a new take on the loop extrusion model of genome organization.

Extrusion without a motor: a new take on the loop extrusion model of genome organization.
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DOI:
10.1080/19491034.2017.1421825
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发表时间:
2018-01-01
期刊:
Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Marenduzzo D
Marenduzzo D
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brackley CA;Johnson J;Michieletto D;Morozov AN;Nicodemi M;Cook PR;Marenduzzo D

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染色质环挤出是形成 CTCF 环和拓扑域的流行模型。最近的 HiC 数据显示,人们强烈倾向于支持稳定环的 CTCF 结合基序的特定排列,而挤出是迄今为止唯一可以解释这一点的模型。然而,该模型需要电机来生成环,尽管粘连蛋白是挤出因子的有力候选者,但尚未找到合适的电机蛋白(或粘连蛋白本身的运动活性)。在这里,我们探索了一个新的假设:没有马达,原子核内的热运动驱动挤压。使用理论模型和计算机模拟,我们询问这种扩散挤压是否可以产生环路。我们的模拟发现了一种有趣的棘轮效应(渗透压促进环生长),并且通过与最近的体外和体内测量相比,表明扩散挤出原则上可以产生数据中观察到的大小的环。额外观点:C. A. Brackley、J. Johnson、D. Michieletto、A. N. Morozov、M. Nicodemi、P. R. Cook 和 D. Marenduzzo“通过分子滑动连接的非平衡染色体环”,物理评论快报 119 138101 (2017)
Chromatin loop extrusion is a popular model for the formation of CTCF loops and topological domains. Recent HiC data have revealed a strong bias in favour of a particular arrangement of the CTCF binding motifs that stabilize loops, and extrusion is the only model to date which can explain this. However, the model requires a motor to generate the loops, and although cohesin is a strong candidate for the extruding factor, a suitable motor protein (or a motor activity in cohesin itself) has yet to be found. Here we explore a new hypothesis: that there is no motor, and thermal motion within the nucleus drives extrusion. Using theoretical modelling and computer simulations we ask whether such diffusive extrusion could feasibly generate loops. Our simulations uncover an interesting ratchet effect (where an osmotic pressure promotes loop growth), and suggest, by comparison to recent in vitro and in vivo measurements, that diffusive extrusion can in principle generate loops of the size observed in the data. Extra View on : C. A. Brackley, J. Johnson, D. Michieletto, A. N. Morozov, M. Nicodemi, P. R. Cook, and D. Marenduzzo “Non-equilibrium chromosome looping via molecular slip-links”, Physical Review Letters 119 138101 (2017)
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