Combining Passive Sampling with Toxicological Characterization of Complex Mixtures of Pollutants from the Aquatic Environment.
Combining Passive Sampling with Toxicological Characterization of Complex Mixtures of Pollutants from the Aquatic Environment.
复制标题
将被动采样与水生环境污染物复杂混合物的毒理学表征相结合
DOI：
10.1007/10_2015_5014
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Escher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jahnke;Schäfer;Escher
聚合物被动采样相结合，以收集复杂的环境污染物混合物，这些混合物的生物测定，其相关的毒理学特性的转移仍处于起步阶段。然而，这种方法有很大的潜力，以改善环境危害和风险评估的原因有两个。首先，被动采样器收集了广泛的化学品，这些化学品代表了可用于扩散和（生物）吸收的化合物的比例，不包括大部分基质;因此，可以避免可能区分某些化合物的广泛样品净化。第二，使用生物测定法对样品进行毒理学定性是对环境监测中的化学（目标）分析的补充，因为生物测定法能够捕捉到所有产生相同毒性作用模式并在混合物中共同起作用的化学品，从而全面了解其总体综合效应。科学文献描述了水相的一系列实例，其中大多数化学品的被动采样通常是在动态吸收制度下进行的，尽管有些化学品可能已经达到平衡。由于动力学效应和取决于化学品疏水性的聚合物/水分配系数，化学混合物的组成从水相变为被动取样材料。相比之下，只描述了沉积物和生物群中的少数应用，但其中一些开创性研究已经证明了这种组合方法的可行性和潜力。本章概述了在这一研究领域已经开展的工作，重点是机遇和挑战，并指出了未来的发展，重点是选择一个合适的组合的采样和给药转移（或重新建立）的环境混合物到生物测定的重要性。
The combination of polymer-based passive sampling to collect complex environmental mixtures of pollutants, the transfer of these mixtures into bioassays, and their related toxicological characterization is still in its infancy. However, this approach has considerable potential to improve environmental hazard and risk assessment for two reasons. First, the passive sampler collects a broad range of chemicals representing the fraction of compounds available for diffusion and (bio)uptake, excluding a large part of the matrix; thus, extensive sample cleanup which could discriminate certain compounds can be avoided. Second, the toxicological characterization of samples using bioassays is complementary to chemical (target) analysis within environmental monitoring because it captures all chemicals exerting the same mode of toxic action and acting jointly in mixtures, thus providing a comprehensive picture of their overall combined effects. The scientific literature describes a range of examples from the water phase where passive sampling is usually carried out in the kinetic uptake regime for most chemicals although some may already have reached equilibrium. The composition of the chemical mixture changes from the water phase to the passive sampling material because of kinetic effects and polymer/water partition coefficients which depend on the chemicals’ hydrophobicity. In contrast, only a few applications in sediment and biota have been described, but amongst these some pioneering studies have demonstrated the feasibility and potential of this combined approach. This chapter gives an overview of what has been carried out in this research area, focusing on opportunities and challenges, and points out desirable future developments with a focus on the importance of choosing a suitable combination of sampling and dosing to transfer (or re-establish) the environmental mixture into the bioassay.
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