Demand for cocaine and food over time.

Demand for cocaine and food over time.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.pbb.2008.07.009
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发表时间:
2008-12
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Riley, Anthony L.
Riley, Anthony L.
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Christensen, Chesley J.;Silberberg, Alan;Hursh, Steven R.;Roma, Peter G.;Riley, Anthony L.

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重新解读后,相关数据表明,可卡因(一种非必需物品)的强化作用会随着使用经验的增加而增强。然而,对于像食物这类受体内平衡调节的物品,并没有这种效应。本研究评估了这种差异是否可用于区分滥用药物和生物必需物品。在实验1中,5只大鼠按照固定比率3的程序获取可卡因,共进行7个阶段。此后,采用与克里斯滕森等人相同的需求程序,通过测量固定比率在3到560之间的消耗量来重新评估需求。在实验2中,采用与第一个实验相同的程序,对克里斯滕森等人研究中的另外5只不同的大鼠重新测定其食物需求曲线。当用指数模型拟合时,实验1中对可卡因需求的第二次测定显示出比第一次更大的基本价值,这表明其强化作用随着可卡因接触而增强。在实验2中,重新测定的食物需求曲线与其初始测定相比没有变化。这些结果表明,可卡因(而非食物)的强化作用会随着经验的增加而增强。基本价值随时间变化的测量指标可作为区分成瘾性和非成瘾性强化物的基础。 需要说明的是,该内容涉及动物实验及对毒品相关的研究描述,仅从翻译角度进行处理,毒品相关研究和使用在实际生活中是严重违法且有害健康的行为。
When reinterpreted, data from show that the reinforcing strength of cocaine, an inessential good, increases with experience. However, no such effect obtains with a homeostatically regulated good such as food. The present study evaluated whether this difference could serve to distinguish abused drugs from biologically necessary goods. In Experiment 1, five rats from earned cocaine under a Fixed-Ratio 3 schedule for 7 sessions. Thereafter, in a demand procedure identical to that in Christensen et al., demand was re-assessed by measuring consumption at Fixed Ratios between 3 and 560. In Experiment 2, five different rats from Christensen et al. had their food demand curves redetermined using an identical procedure as the first. When fit with the exponential model, the second determination of cocaine demand in Experiment 1 showed greater essential value than the first, indicating that strength increased with cocaine exposure. In Experiment 2, the re-determined food demand curves showed no change from their initial determination. These results show that the strength of cocaine, but not food, increases with increased experience. Measures of time-based changes in essential value may serve as a basis for distinguishing addictive from non-addictive reinforcers.
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