Police confrontations among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting.
Police confrontations among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting.
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加拿大街头青年与警方发生冲突。
DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.06.008
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kerr,Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ti,Lianping;Wood,Evan;Shannon,Kate;Feng,Cindy;Kerr,Thomas
背景街头警务已被认为是注射吸毒者(IDU)中与健康相关的伤害的驱动因素。然而，警察与街头青年之间的互动程度尚未得到很好的描述。我们调查了加拿大街头青少年中警察冲突的发生率和危险因素。方法根据2005年至2011年参加高危青少年研究(ARYS)的参与者的数据，我们使用带有Logit链接的二元结果的广义估计方程(GEE)评估了前六个月在未被逮捕的情况下被警察拦截、搜查或拘留的相关因素。结果在研究期间跟踪调查的991名参与者中，440人(44.4%)报告被警察拦截、搜查或拘留，报告的发病率密度为每100年49.20(95%可信区间：36.42-65.01)。在多因素GEE分析中，与警察对抗有关的因素有：男性(调整后的优势比[AOR]=1.35)、无家可归(AOR=2.05)、最近入狱(AOR=1.78)、每天吸食大麻(AOR=1.31)、每天注射海洛因(AOR=1.36)、共用毒品(AOR=1.61)、注射毒品(AOR=1.37)、公开吸毒(AOR=2.19)、参与性工作(AOR=1.67)、毒品交易(AOR=1.49)(均P<；0.05)。总体而言，19.0%的参与者报告说，警方没收了他们的毒品用具，但没有逮捕他们。此外，16.9%的人报告曾经历过警察手中的暴力。结论我们发现各种因素，如无家可归和更严重的成瘾标志，增加了与警察对峙的可能性，警察对抗与街头青少年的健康相关伤害标志相关。这些调查结果突出表明，需要采取社会和结构性干预措施，使警察能够在不对街头青年的健康行为产生负面影响的情况下实现公共安全和公共秩序目标。
BACKGROUNDStreet-level policing has been recognized as a driver of health-related harms among people who inject drugs (IDU). However, the extent of interaction between police and street-involved youth has not been well characterized. We examined the incidence and risk factors for police confrontations among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting.METHODSUsing data derived from participants enrolled in the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS) between 2005 and 2011, we assessed factors associated with being stopped, searched, or detained by police without arrest in the previous six months using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with logit link for binary outcomes.RESULTSAmong 991 participants followed during the study period, 440 (44.4%) reported being stopped, searched, or detained by police for an incidence density of 49.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.42–65.01) per 100 person years. In multivariate GEE analyses, factors associated with police confrontations included: male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.35), homelessness (AOR=2.05), recent incarceration (AOR=1.78), daily cannabis use (AOR=1.31), daily heroin injecting (AOR=1.36), crack pipe/syringe sharing (AOR=1.61), injection drug use (AOR=1.37), public drug use (AOR=2.19), sex work involvement (AOR=1.67), and drug dealing (AOR=1.49) (all p<0.05). In total, 19.0% of participants reported that police confiscated their drug paraphernalia without arresting them. Additionally, 16.9% of individuals reported experiencing violence at the hands of police.CONCLUSIONWe found that various factors, such as homelessness and markers of more severe addiction, increased the likelihood of being confronted by police, and police confrontations were associated with markers of health-related harm among street youth. These findings highlight the need for social and structural interventions that best enable police to fulfil public safety and public order objectives without negatively influencing health behaviours of street youth.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11524-006-9085-y
发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
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作者：
Rhodes, Tim;Platt, Lucy;Monaghan, Geoff
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