Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease.
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DOI：
10.1002/msj.20157
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发表时间：
2010-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Perl, Daniel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perl, Daniel P.
阿洛伊斯·阿尔茨海默首先指出，这种后来以他的名字命名的疾病具有独特且可识别的神经病理学基础。从那时起，我们对与该疾病相关的病理损伤的理解有了很大的了解。与阿尔茨海默病相关的两个主要病变是神经原纤维缠结和老年斑。神经原纤维缠结由某些神经元核周细胞质内异常磷酸化的 tau 蛋白的异常积累组成。老年斑由 β-淀粉样蛋白（一种 4-kD 肽）的中央核心组成，周围环绕着异常构造的神经元突起或神经突。阿尔茨海默氏病病例中还会遇到其他神经病理学病变，但该疾病是通过这两种主要病变来定义和识别的。其他病变包括人们知之甚少的变化，例如颗粒空泡变性和嗜酸性杆状小体（平野小体）。突触成分的丧失是一种明显对认知功能产生重大影响的变化，也是另一种重要的形态改变。重要的是要认识到，区分阿尔茨海默病（尤其是早期阶段）和正常衰老可能非常困难，尤其是在检查高龄患者的大脑时。还值得注意的是，在没有其他共存脑部疾病过程（例如梗塞或帕金森病相关病变）的情况下，纯粹形式的阿尔茨海默氏病的情况相对罕见，使用死后脑组织进行研究的研究人员必须考虑到这一点。
Alois Alzheimer first pointed out that the disease which would later bear his name has a distinct and recognizable neuropathological substrate. Since then, much has been added to our understanding of the pathological lesions associated with the condition. The 2 primary cardinal lesions associated with Alzheimer's disease are the neurofibrillary tangle and the senile plaque. The neurofibrillary tangle consists of abnormal accumulations of abnormally phosphorylated tau within the perikaryal cytoplasm of certain neurons. The senile plaque consists of a central core of beta-amyloid, a 4-kD peptide, surrounded by abnormally configured neuronal processes or neurites. Other neuropathological lesions are encountered in cases of Alzheimer's disease, but the disease is defined and recognized by these 2 cardinal lesions. Other lesions include poorly understood changes such as granulovacuolar degeneration and eosinophilic rod-like bodies (Hirano bodies). The loss of synaptic components is a change that clearly has a significant impact on cognitive function and represents another important morphological alteration. It is important to recognize that distinguishing between Alzheimer's disease, especially in its early stages, and normal aging may be very difficult, particularly if one is examining the brains of patients who died at an advanced old age. It is also noted that instances of pure forms of Alzheimer's disease, in the absence of other coexistent brain disease processes, such as infarctions or Parkinson's disease–related lesions, are relatively uncommon, and this must be taken into account by researchers who employ postmortem brain tissues for research.
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影响因子：
12.7
作者：
DICKSON, DW;KSIEZAKREDING, H;YEN, SH
通讯作者：
YEN, SH
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
MASLIAH, E;MALLORY, M;TERRY, RD
通讯作者：
TERRY, RD
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
ABRAHAM, CR;SHIRAHAMA, T;POTTER, H
通讯作者：
POTTER, H
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2990.1997.tb01325.x
发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
5
作者：
Dickson, TC;Saunders, HL;Vickers, JC
通讯作者：
Vickers, JC
DOI：
10.1007/bf00500553
发表时间：
1989-01-01
期刊：
HISTOCHEMISTRY
影响因子：
--
作者：
GENTLEMAN, SM;BRUTON, C;ROBERTS, GW
通讯作者：
ROBERTS, GW