Reward-centricity and attenuated aversions: An adolescent phenotype emerging from studies in laboratory animals.
Reward-centricity and attenuated aversions: An adolescent phenotype emerging from studies in laboratory animals.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.015
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Spear LP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doremus-Fitzwater TL;Spear LP
青春期是一个进化上保守的发育时期，其神经回路和行为有助于检测、获取和接收具有跨物种相似性的奖励。对实验动物的研究表明，青春期的特点是“以奖励为中心”的表型，即相对于成年人对奖励的敏感性增加。相比之下，据报道，青少年啮齿动物对许多药物的厌恶特性和自然厌恶刺激不太敏感。中皮质边缘多巴胺和内源性大麻素系统的改变可能导致青少年对奖赏敏感但厌恶的表型。尽管早期的假设假设多巴胺能回路的发育变化会导致“奖励缺乏”综合症，但现在的证据表明事实恰恰相反：青少年特别容易寻求享乐刺激，从奖励中体验到更大的“快乐”，并过度消耗奖励刺激。未来的研究需要更清楚地定义特定大脑区域和神经递质系统在奖励和厌恶相关线索和刺激的行为表达中的作用，以更全面地了解青少年对奖励和潜在滥用药物的倾向和脆弱性。
Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved developmental period, with neural circuits and behaviors contributing to the detection, procurement, and receipt of rewards bearing similarity across species. Studies with laboratory animals suggest that adolescence is typified by a “reward-centric” phenotype—an increased sensitivity to rewards relative to adults. In contrast, adolescent rodents are reportedly less sensitive to the aversive properties of many drugs and naturally aversive stimuli. Alterations within the mesocorticolimbic dopamine and endocannabinoid systems likely contribute to an adolescent reward-sensitive, yet aversion-resistant, phenotype. Although early hypotheses postulated that developmental changes in dopaminergic circuitry would result in a “reward deficiency” syndrome, evidence now suggests the opposite: that adolescents are uniquely poised to seek out hedonic stimuli, experience greater “pleasure” from rewards, and consume rewarding stimuli in excess. Future studies that more clearly define the role of specific brain regions and neurotransmitter systems in the expression of behaviors toward reward- and aversive-related cues and stimuli are necessary to more fully understand an adolescent-proclivity for and vulnerability to rewards and drugs of potential abuse.
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