Can transsynaptic viral strategies be used to reveal functional aspects of neural circuitry?
Can transsynaptic viral strategies be used to reveal functional aspects of neural circuitry?
复制标题
可以使用透射性病毒策略来揭示神经回路的功能方面？
DOI：
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109005
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发表时间：
2021-01-15
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Beier KT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rogers A;Beier KT
病毒已被证明有助于阐明各种生物体中的神经元连接关系。基因技术的最新进展促进了对与特定起始种群直接相关的神经元的分析。这些进展也使更广泛的神经科学界可以使用病毒跨神经元映射，在那里一步绘制狂犬病病毒已经成为常规。这种方法通常被用来识别对特定细胞群体的输入，证明来自特定大脑区域的输入的数量比例，或者比较两个或更多细胞群体之间的输入模式。此外，被标记的输入的数量通常被认为反映了突触连接的数量，这些病毒通常被认为标记强突触比标记弱突触更有效。虽然这些图谱通常被解释为提供对起始细胞群体的突触景观的定量估计，但事实上，人们对跨神经元传递是如何发生的知之甚少。我们不知道这些病毒是如何在神经元之间传播的，它们是否在标记的细胞类型中表现出偏见，或者甚至是否传播是突触特有的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了反对或支持病毒追踪关键概念的实验证据，主要集中在一步狂犬病输入映射和相关方法的使用上。这些病毒的传播是特定地通过突触连接发生的，还是优先通过突触发生，还是非特定的？病毒跨神经元传播的效率有多高，这种效率在所有类型的细胞中都是一样的吗？最后，病毒标记在多大程度上反映了功能连接？
Viruses have proved instrumental to elucidating neuronal connectivity relationships in a variety of organisms. Recent advances in genetic technologies have facilitated analysis of neurons directly connected to a defined starter population. These advances have also made viral transneuronal mapping available to the broader neuroscience community, where one-step rabies virus mapping has become routine. This method is commonly used to identify inputs onto defined cell populations, to demonstrate the quantitative proportion of inputs coming from specific brain regions, or to compare input patterns between two or more cell populations. Furthermore, the number of inputs labeled is often assumed to reflect the number of synaptic connections, and these viruses are commonly believed to label strong synapses more efficiently than weak synapses. While these maps are often interpreted to provide a quantitative estimate of the synaptic landscape onto starter cell populations, in fact very little is known about how transneuronal transmission takes place. We do not know how these viruses transmit between neurons, if they display biases in the cell types labeled, or even if transmission is synapse-specific. In this review, we discuss the experimental evidence against or in support of key concepts in viral tracing, focusing mostly on the use of one-step rabies input mapping and related methods. Does spread of these viruses occur specifically through synaptic connections, preferentially through synapses, or non-specifically? How efficient is viral transneuronal transmission, and is this efficiency equal in all cell types? And lastly, to what extent does viral labeling reflect functional connectivity?
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影响因子：
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作者：
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