Dyslipidemia in the era of HIV protease inhibitors.

Dyslipidemia in the era of HIV protease inhibitors.
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HIV蛋白酶抑制剂时代的血脂异常。

DOI:
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发表时间:
2003
影响因子:
9.1
通讯作者:
J. Stein
J. Stein
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
J. Stein

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人类免疫缺陷病毒蛋白酶抑制剂与代谢异常相关,代谢异常可能增加动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病的风险,包括血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗和中枢性肥胖。以高胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症、小的低脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白颗粒以及在某些情况下脂蛋白(a)过量为特征的血脂异常可能很严重,并与内皮功能障碍和颈动脉粥样硬化有关。蛋白酶抑制剂相关血脂异常的机制尚未完全阐明,但似乎与肝脏低密度脂蛋白的过量产生有关,在较小程度上与清除受损有关。在服用蛋白酶抑制剂的患者中,胰岛素抵抗似乎介导了部分不良脂蛋白变化。正在进行的流行病学和替代终点研究正在调查这些药物的动脉粥样硬化性。在更好地了解与使用蛋白酶抑制剂相关的风险之前,识别心血管不良事件(如心脏病发作、心源性死亡和中风)高风险患者是当务之急。本文综述了与使用蛋白酶抑制剂相关的脂质和脂蛋白异常,蛋白酶抑制剂相关的血脂异常的可能机制,其潜在的动脉粥样硬化性,以及使用国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组III指南来管理血脂异常患者。
Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors are associated with metabolic abnormalities that may increase risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and central obesity. Dyslipidemia, characterized by hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, small low- and high-density lipoprotein particles, and in some cases lipoprotein(a) excess, can be severe and has been associated with endothelial dysfunction and carotid atherosclerosis. The mechanisms underlying protease inhibitor-associated dyslipidemia have not been elucidated completely, but appear to involve hepatic overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins and to a lesser extent, impaired clearance. Insulin resistance appears to mediate part of the adverse lipoprotein changes observed in patients taking protease inhibitors. Ongoing epidemiological and surrogate endpoint studies are investigating the atherogenicity of these medications. Until the risk associated with use of protease inhibitors is better understood, identifying patients at high risk for adverse vascular events such as heart attacks, cardiac death, and stroke is a high priority. This article reviews the lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities associated with use of protease inhibitors, possible mechanisms for protease inhibitor-associated dyslipidemia, its potential atherogenicity, and use of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines for the management of patients with dyslipidemia.
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