Effectiveness of groundwater governance structures and institutions in Tanzania
Effectiveness of groundwater governance structures and institutions in Tanzania
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坦桑尼亚地下水治理结构和机构的有效性
DOI：
10.1007/s13201-018-0721-y
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Gudaga J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gudaga J
本文探讨了姆贝亚地区姆巴拉利区地下水治理结构和机构的有效性。本文采用探索性序贯研究设计，收集定量和定性数据。对90名地下水用户进行了随机抽样调查，其中50%为妇女。采用描述性统计、Kruskal-Wallis H检验和Mann-Whitney U检验比较组间应答差异，定性资料采用内容分析。结果表明，村委会和社区供水组织（COWSOs）是有效的地下水管理。结果还显示，村委员会在管理地下水方面的总体有效程度在村庄之间存在统计学显著差异（P= 0.0001），但男性和女性对村委员会、村水务委员会和COWSO的有效性的回答没有显著差异（P> 0.05）。Mann-Whitney U检验显示，男性和女性对正式和非正式制度有效性的反应存在统计学显著差异（P= 0.0001），非正式制度相对于正式制度有效。Kruskal-Wallis H检验也显示，低、中、高类别之间的正式制度、规范和价值观的有效性程度差异有统计学意义（P≤ 0. 05）。本文的结论是，COWSO是更有效地管理地下水比其他地下水治理结构。同样，规范和价值观比正式机构更有效。该文件建议对正式机构进行宣传和提高认识，使它们能够影响用水者管理地下水的行为。
This paper examines effectiveness of groundwater governance structures and institutions in Mbarali District, Mbeya Region. The paper adopts exploratory sequential research design to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A random sample of 90 groundwater users with 50% women was involved in the survey. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the differences in responses between groups, while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The results show that the Village Councils and Community Water Supply Organizations (COWSOs) were effective in governing groundwater. The results also show statistical significant difference on the overall extent of effectiveness of the Village Councils in governing groundwater between villages (P= 0.0001), yet there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between male and female responses on the effectiveness of Village Councils, village water committees and COWSOs. The Mann–Whitney U test showed statistical significant difference between male and female responses on effectiveness of formal and informal institutions (P= 0.0001), such that informal institutions were effective relative to formal institutions. The Kruskal–Wallis H test also showed statistical significant difference (P≤ 0.05) on the extent of effectiveness of formal institutions, norms and values between low, medium and high categories. The paper concludes that COWSOs were more effective in governing groundwater than other groundwater governance structures. Similarly, norms and values were more effective than formal institutions. The paper recommends sensitization and awareness creation on formal institutions so that they can influence water users’ behaviour to govern groundwater.
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