CTCF regulates hepatitis B virus cccDNA chromatin topology

CTCF regulates hepatitis B virus cccDNA chromatin topology
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CTCF 调节乙型肝炎病毒 cccDNA 染色质拓扑

DOI:
10.1101/2023.09.06.556185
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dobrica M
Dobrica M
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dobrica M

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乙肝病毒是一种小的DNA病毒,它通过作为病毒mRNAs转录模板的同体共价闭合环状DNA(CccDNA)进行复制。宿主蛋白CCCTC结合因子(CTCF)是细胞转录的关键调节因子,它通过维持表观遗传边界、核小体定相、稳定长范围染色质环和指导替代外显子剪接来调节细胞转录。我们以前报道过,CTCF结合了乙肝病毒基因组增强子I中的两个保守基序,并抑制了病毒的转录,然而,其潜在的机制尚未确定。我们发现,携带ccCDNA样乙肝病毒分子的细胞和新感染细胞的CTCF耗尽导致剪接转录本的增加,这在丰富的SP1剪接转录本中最为显著。相反,在整合了HBVDNA的细胞系中,CTCF的缺失对病毒转录本的丰度没有影响,与这一观察结果一致,CTCF与病毒整合体结合的证据有限,表明CTCF对乙肝病毒转录的调控是外体cccDNA所特有的。通过转座酶可及染色质测序分析(ATAC-Seq)分析HBV染色质的拓扑结构,发现有一个跨越增强子I和II以及基本核心启动子(BCP)的可及区。突变增强子I内的CTCF结合位点导致染色质可及性的戏剧性重排,其中开放的染色质区域不再被检测到,这表明乙肝病毒增强子/BCP上下游的阶段性核小体丢失。这些数据表明,CTCF调节HBV染色质构象和核小体在外体维持的cccDNA中的定位,这对HBV转录调控具有重要意义。
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus that replicates via an episomal covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that serves as the transcriptional template for viral mRNAs. The host protein, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), is a key regulator of cellular transcription by maintaining epigenetic boundaries, nucleosome phasing, stabilisation of long-range chromatin loops and directing alternative exon splicing. We previously reported that CTCF binds two conserved motifs within Enhancer I of the HBV genome and represses viral transcription, however, the underlying mechanisms were not identified. We show that CTCF depletion in cells harbouring cccDNA-like HBV molecules and inde novoinfected cells resulted in an increase in spliced transcripts, which was most notable in the abundant SP1 spliced transcript. In contrast, depletion of CTCF in cell lines with integrated HBV DNA had no effect on the abundance of viral transcripts and in line with this observation there was limited evidence for CTCF binding to viral integrants, suggesting that CTCF-regulation of HBV transcription is specific to episomal cccDNA. Analysis of HBV chromatin topology by Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin Sequencing (ATAC-Seq) revealed an accessible region spanning Enhancers I and II and the basal core promoter (BCP). Mutating the CTCF binding sites within Enhancer I resulted in a dramatic rearrangement of chromatin accessibility where the open chromatin region was no longer detected, indicating loss of the phased nucleosome up- and down-stream of the HBV enhancer/BCP. These data demonstrate that CTCF functions to regulate HBV chromatin conformation and nucleosomal positioning in episomal maintained cccDNA, which has important consequences for HBV transcription regulation.
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