The European Commission's Green Deal is an opportunity to rethink harmful practices of research and innovation policy.
The European Commission's Green Deal is an opportunity to rethink harmful practices of research and innovation policy.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13280-022-01802-3
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
de Wilde, Mandy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernstein, Michael J.;Franssen, Thomas;Smith, Robert D. J.;de Wilde, Mandy
关键词：
欧盟的《绿色协议》（Green Deal）和相关政策旨在实现长期的环境可持续性，现在要求经济活动对欧盟的环境目标“不造成重大损害”。欧盟委员会（European Commission）制定“不造成重大损害”原则的方式依赖于量化工具，这些工具试图识别损害并判断其重要性。依赖已确立的技术方法来评估这些问题，忽略了往往具有不确定性特征的高度不精确、模糊性和不确定性，这些特征往往反映了危害出现的社会背景。的确，伤害及其意义是相关的，而不是绝对的。因此，一个更好的方法是承认伤害的关系性质，并发展广泛的能力来参与和“忍受”伤害。我们使用欧洲研究和创新活动的案例来揭示伤害的关系性质，并探索一种替代的、可能更有成效的方法，这种方法有别于试图单方面或统一地声称知道或裁决什么是或不是显著有害的。最后，我们概述了研究和创新政策制定者可以尝试重新配置科学技术系统和实践的三种方式，以更好地解决人类、非人类和生态系统所承受的重大危害。
The European Union’s Green Deal and associated policies, aspiring to long-term environmental sustainability, now require economic activities to ‘do no significant harm’ to EU environmental objectives. The way the European Commission is enacting the do no significant harm principle relies on quantitative tools that try to identify harm and adjudicate its significance. A reliance on established technical approaches to assessing such questions ignores the high levels of imprecision, ambiguity, and uncertainty—levels often in flux—characterizing the social contexts in which harms emerge. Indeed, harm, and its significance, are relational, not absolute. A better approach would thus be to acknowledge the relational nature of harm and develop broad capabilities to engage and ‘stay with’ the harm. We use the case of European research and innovation activities to expose the relational nature of harm, and explore an alternative and potentially more productive approach that departs from attempts to unilaterally or uniformly claim to know or adjudicate what is or is not significantly harmful. In closing, we outline three ways research and innovation policy-makers might experiment with reconfiguring scientific and technological systems and practices to better address the significant harms borne by people, other-than-human beings, and ecosystems.
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