Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex-Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication.
Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex-Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication.
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DOI：
10.1002/aur.2440
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
White SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corbett BA;Schwartzman JM;Libsack EJ;Muscatello RA;Lerner MD;Simmons GL;White SW
伪装是指患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的人，尤其是女性，在社交场合用来掩盖症状的行为适应。补偿是伪装的一个组成部分，其中个体观察到的行为比实际能力要好得多。该研究利用社交技能情境评估（CASS）探讨了诊断、基于性别和补偿的差异。样本包括 161 名 10:0 至 16:11 岁的青少年（115 名男性，46 名女性）。根据性别（女性、男性）或高（良好的 ADOS + 较差的心理理论 (TOM)）与低（较差的 ADOS + 较差的 TOM）补偿组进行 T 检验。对社交影响 (SA)、限制性重复行为 (RRB)、智商、社交行为（积极影响、整体参与）和沟通（声音表达、手势）进行了比较。女性表现出较少的 RRB t(158)=3.05，p=0.003，d=0.54。对于 CASS，女性表现出更高的声音表现力 t(157)=−2.03，p=0.05，d=0.35，这证实了文献中基于性别的差异。补偿组差异表明，与低组相比，高组在 CASS 声音表达上表现出更强的社交和沟通行为 t(72)=2.56，p=0.01，d=0.62，总体融洽性 t(72)=2.36，p=0.02，d=0.56。当根据薪酬水平对各组进行分层时，观察到了一些差异，高薪酬参与者表现出更强的社会参与和沟通行为。研究结果可能有助于了解患有自闭症谱系障碍的男性和女性青少年的伪装、补偿和临床实践。对伪装和补偿模型进行更细致的考虑揭示了认知、行为和情感上的微妙差异，这可能反映了患有自闭症谱系障碍的青少年面临的挑战和力量的潜在特征。伪装是指患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的人，尤其是女性，掩盖症状的方式。当一个人观察到的行为比根据潜在能力和症状所预期的更典型时，就会出现补偿。该研究探讨了 161 名患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 青少年的伪装和补偿差异。研究结果表明，性别存在差异，女性表现出更好的声音表达。然而，观察到一些补偿差异，高补偿者表现出更强的社会沟通和融洽关系。使用补偿模型对伪装进行更细致的考虑揭示了潜在挑战和强度的微妙差异。
Camouflaging refers to behavioral adaptations that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, use to mask symptoms during social situations. Compensation is a component of camouflaging in which an individual’s observed behavior is considerably better than actual ability. The study explored diagnostic, sex-based and compensatory differences using the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS). The sample included 161 youth 10:0-to-16:11 years (115 males, 46 females). T-tests were performed based on sex (female, male) or High (good ADOS+Poor Theory of Mind (TOM)) compared to Low (poor ADOS+poor TOM) Compensation groups. Comparisons were examined for Social Affect (SA), Restricted Repetitive Behavior, (RRB), IQ, social behavior (Positive Affect, Overall Involvement) and communication (Vocal Expression, Gestures). Females exhibited fewer RRB t(158)=3.05, p=0.003, d=0.54. For the CASS, females evidenced more Vocal Expressiveness t(157)=−2.03, p=0.05, d=0.35, which corroborates sex-based differences in the literature. Compensation group differences indicated the High compared to Low group showed stronger Social and Communication behaviors on the CASS for Vocal Expression t(72)=2.56, p=0.01, d=0.62, and overall rapport t(72)=2.36, p=0.02, d=0.56. Several differences were observed when the groups were stratified based on level of compensation, with the High compensation participants showing stronger social engagement and communication behaviors. Findings may inform efforts to understand camouflaging, compensation, and clinical practices for male and female adolescents with ASD. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging alongside compensation models reveals subtle differences in cognition, behavior and affect that may reflect underlying profiles of challenge and strength in youth with ASD. Camouflaging refers to ways individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, mask symptoms. Compensation occurs when a person’s observed behavior appears more typical than what would be expected based on underlying ability and symptoms. The study explored camouflaging and compensation differences in 161 youth with ASD. Findings suggest sex-based differences with females showing better vocal expression. However, several compensation differences were observed with the High compensators showing stronger social communication and rapport. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging using compensation models reveal subtle differences in underlying challenge and strength.
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DOI：
10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0067
发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Grossman, Ruth B.;Edelson, Lisa R.;Tager-Flusberg, Helen
通讯作者：
Tager-Flusberg, Helen
DOI：
10.1002/aur.2245
发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Harrop C;Jones DR;Sasson NJ;Zheng S;Nowell SW;Parish-Morris J
通讯作者：
Parish-Morris J
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Hartley, Sigan L.;Sikora, Darryn M.
通讯作者：
Sikora, Darryn M.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Beck, Jonathan S.;Lundwall, Rebecca A.;South, Mikle
通讯作者：
South, Mikle
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Dolan BK;Van Hecke AV;Carson AM;Karst JS;Stevens S;Schohl KA;Potts S;Kahne J;Linneman N;Remmel R;Hummel E
通讯作者：
Hummel E