Social and Object Attention Is Influenced by Biological Sex and Toy Gender-Congruence in Children With and Without Autism.
Social and Object Attention Is Influenced by Biological Sex and Toy Gender-Congruence in Children With and Without Autism.
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DOI：
10.1002/aur.2245
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发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Parish-Morris J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrop C;Jones DR;Sasson NJ;Zheng S;Nowell SW;Parish-Morris J
新的研究表明，ASD女孩的社会注意力相对于ASD男孩有所增强，但也可能受到所呈现的社会和非社会内容类型的影响。本研究探讨了生物性别和性别规范如何相互作用，影响79名学龄儿童观察的场景，包括性别相关的玩具和演员的性别视觉注意。注意社会（面孔）和对象活动（手与玩具）刺激进行了测量。先前描述的ASD男孩和女孩的社会注意力之间的差异被复制，ASD女孩比ASD男孩更多地看脸。无论诊断，男性和女性参加更多的演员，共享他们的同性，并参加更多的玩具与性别协会是一致的，与自己的性别，这表明社会和对象的显着性增加的儿童性别一致的条件下。重要的是，ASD和TD儿童增加了他们的目光面对男性演员与女性相关的玩具（但不是反之亦然），这表明这两组儿童的社会信息的男性玩女性相关的玩具的可接受性是敏感的。我们的研究结果提供了进一步的证据表明，ASD女孩相对于ASD男孩对面孔的关注度更高，并表明ASD和TD儿童的社会关注受到谁（男性或女性演员）和什么（男性或女性相关玩具）的影响。总的来说，这些结果呈现了ASD中注意力的细微差别，增加了越来越多的研究，表明ASD女孩的微妙表型差异可能会影响识别，评估和干预。在典型发育中观察到的性别差异也可能存在于自闭症个体中。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种眼动跟踪模式，其特点是男孩和女孩玩玩具的视频，这些玩具在性别上各不相同。自闭症儿童和非自闭症儿童对面孔的注意力不同，但也受到演员性别和玩具性别关联的影响。自闭症女性表现出微妙的注意力差异，区分他们从自闭症男性，并可能影响转诊，诊断和干预。
Emerging research suggests social attention in ASD girls is enhanced relative to ASD boys, but may also be affected by the type of social and nonsocial content presented. This study examined how biological sex and gender norms interact to influence visual attention in 79 school-aged children observing scenes that included gender-associated toys and actors of both sexes. Attention to social (faces) and object activity (hands with toys) stimuli were measured. Previously described distinctions between social attention in ASD boys and girls were replicated, with ASD girls looking more at faces than ASD boys. Irrespective of diagnosis, males and females attended more to actors that shared their same sex, and attended more to toys with gender-associations that were consistent with their own sex, suggesting that social and object salience increases for children under sex-consistent conditions. Importantly, ASD and TD children increased their gaze to faces when male actors were shown playing with female-associated toys (but not vice versa) suggesting that both groups of children are sensitive to societal messages about the acceptability of males playing with female-associated toys. Our findings provide further evidence of heightened attention to faces in ASD girls relative to ASD boys, and indicate that social attention in ASD and TD children is influenced by who (male or female actor) and what (male- or female-associated toy) is being observed. Collectively, these results present a nuanced profile of attention in ASD that adds to a growing body of research indicating subtle phenotypic differences in ASD girls that may impact identification, assessment, and intervention. Sex differences observed in typical development may also be present in individuals with autism. In this study, we developed an eye-tracking paradigm featuring videos of boys and girls playing with toys that varied in their gender-associations. Attention to faces differed between autistic and non-autistic children, but was also influenced by the sex of the actor and gender-association of toys. Autistic females demonstrated subtle attention differences that distinguished them from autistic males and may influence referral, diagnosis, and intervention.
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自闭症谱系障碍的性别差异：评论。
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Ferri SL;Abel T;Brodkin ES
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.016
发表时间：
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