De Novo Gene Evolution of Antifreeze Glycoproteins in Codfishes Revealed by Whole Genome Sequence Data.

De Novo Gene Evolution of Antifreeze Glycoproteins in Codfishes Revealed by Whole Genome Sequence Data.
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DOI:
10.1093/molbev/msx311
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发表时间:
2018-03-01
影响因子:
10.7
通讯作者:
Jentoft S
Jentoft S
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baalsrud HT;Tørresen OK;Solbakken MH;Salzburger W;Hanel R;Jakobsen KS;Jentoft S

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新基因可以通过复制预先存在的基因或从非编码DNA中从头开始产生,为应对环境变化而进化新功能提供原材料。一个最好的例子是北极鳕鱼和南极鳕鱼中抗冻糖蛋白基因(Afgp)的独立进化,以防止冰冻。然而,这些基因的高度重复性质使对其组织的研究变得复杂。在notothenioid中,afgps是从一个现存的基因进化而来的,但鳕鱼中afgps的进化起源尚不清楚。在这里,我们证明了鳕鱼中的AFFP是从13-18 Ma的非编码DNA重新进化而来的,恰逢北半球的降温。利用几种鳕鱼的全基因组序列数据,我们发现在暴露于更严重的冰冻中的物种中,afgp的拷贝数更高,这表明存在基因剂量效应。值得注意的是,在一个鳕鱼谱系中失去了抗冻功能,这与非南极鳕鱼的抗冻蛋白丧失类似。这表明,当冰冻不再迫在眉睫时,选择可以消除防冻功能。此外,我们还发现,在notothenioid中,afgp辅助抗冻增强蛋白基因(Afpps)的进化与afgp的起源和谱系特异性丢失是一致的。鳕鱼中AFGPS的起源是第一批从非模式物种的非编码DNA中产生的必要基因之一。我们的研究强调了比较基因组学在揭示基因组进化的过去分子特征方面的力量,并进一步强调了从头基因起源对不断变化的选择制度的影响。
New genes can arise through duplication of a pre-existing gene or de novo from non-coding DNA, providing raw material for evolution of new functions in response to a changing environment. A prime example is the independent evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein genes (afgps) in the Arctic codfishes and Antarctic notothenioids to prevent freezing. However, the highly repetitive nature of these genes complicates studies of their organization. In notothenioids, afgps evolved from an extant gene, yet the evolutionary origin of afgps in codfishes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that afgps in codfishes have evolved de novo from non-coding DNA 13–18 Ma, coinciding with the cooling of the Northern Hemisphere. Using whole-genome sequence data from several codfishes and notothenioids, we find higher copy number of afgp in species exposed to more severe freezing suggesting a gene dosage effect. Notably, antifreeze function is lost in one lineage of codfishes analogous to the afgp losses in non-Antarctic notothenioids. This indicates that selection can eliminate the antifreeze function when freezing is no longer imminent. In addition, we show that evolution of afgp-assisting antifreeze potentiating protein genes (afpps) in notothenioids coincides with origin and lineage-specific losses of afgp. The origin of afgps in codfishes is one of the first examples of an essential gene born from non-coding DNA in a non-model species. Our study underlines the power of comparative genomics to uncover past molecular signatures of genome evolution, and further highlights the impact of de novo gene origin in response to a changing selection regime.
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