Distributed control of motor circuits for backward walking in Drosophila.

Distributed control of motor circuits for backward walking in Drosophila.
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电路电路的分布式控制,用于在果蝇中向后行走。

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-020-19936-x
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发表时间:
2020-12-02
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Dickson BJ
Dickson BJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Feng K;Sen R;Minegishi R;Dübbert M;Bockemühl T;Büschges A;Dickson BJ

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大脑的下行输入如何控制腿部运动回路来改变动物的行走方式?从概念上讲,下行神经元的功能被认为要么是命令型神经元,即单一类型的下行神经元施加高级控制,以引发运动输出的协调变化;要么是通过群体编码机制,即一组神经元,每个具有局部效应,联合行动,引发全局运动反应。果蝇月球漫步者下降神经元(MDN)是命令型机制的例子,它改变了腿部马达电路的动力学,使苍蝇向后行走。在这里,我们在腿部运动回路中识别了数十个MDN靶神经元,并表明其中两个神经元介导了后向行走时腿部肌肉活动的明显和高度特异性的变化:LBL40神经元在站立阶段提供后腿力量划动;LUL130神经元在站立结束时抬起腿以启动摆动。通过这两个效应器神经元,MDN直接控制后向步进周期的站立和摆动阶段。这些发现表明,命令型下行神经元也可以通过局部运动神经回路的分布式控制来运作。果蝇月球漫步者下降神经元(MDN)改变腿部运动神经回路的动力学,使果蝇向后行走。作者确定了两个MDN效应器神经元,它们直接控制后向步进周期的站立和摆动阶段,表明通过命令型下行神经元对局部运动电路进行分布式控制。
How do descending inputs from the brain control leg motor circuits to change how an animal walks? Conceptually, descending neurons are thought to function either as command-type neurons, in which a single type of descending neuron exerts a high-level control to elicit a coordinated change in motor output, or through a population coding mechanism, whereby a group of neurons, each with local effects, act in combination to elicit a global motor response. The Drosophila Moonwalker Descending Neurons (MDNs), which alter leg motor circuit dynamics so that the fly walks backwards, exemplify the command-type mechanism. Here, we identify several dozen MDN target neurons within the leg motor circuits, and show that two of them mediate distinct and highly-specific changes in leg muscle activity during backward walking: LBL40 neurons provide the hindleg power stroke during stance phase; LUL130 neurons lift the legs at the end of stance to initiate swing. Through these two effector neurons, MDN directly controls both the stance and swing phases of the backward stepping cycle. These findings suggest that command-type descending neurons can also operate through the distributed control of local motor circuits. Drosophila Moonwalker Descending Neurons (MDNs) alter leg motor circuit dynamics so that the fly walks backwards. The authors identify two MDN effector neurons that directly control the stance and swing phases of the backward stepping cycle, indicating distributed control of local motor circuits via command-type descending neurons.
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