Current use of underage alcohol compliance checks by enforcement agencies in the United States.
Current use of underage alcohol compliance checks by enforcement agencies in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.12397
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Toomey TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erickson DJ;Lenk KM;Sanem JR;Nelson TF;Jones-Webb R;Toomey TL
执法人员进行的合规检查可以大大减少向未成年人非法销售酒精的可能性，但这些检查需要使用最佳方法进行，以保持有效性。我们在2010-2011年对地方和州执法机构进行了一项全国性调查，以评估：（1）目前有多少机构在进行未成年人饮酒合规检查，（2）有多少进行合规检查的机构使用最佳方法--包括检查辖区内的所有场所，每年至少进行3-4次检查，3个月内进行跟踪检查，以及因未通过符合性检查而处罚被许可人（不仅是服务器/职员），以及（3）进行符合性检查的代理的特性。超过三分之一的地方执法机构和超过三分之二的州机构报告进行了合规检查。然而，只有一小部分机构（4-6%）报告说，它们使用了所有最佳方法来最大限度地提高这些合规检查的效力。地方执法机构与酒精相关的部门，那些至少有一个全职官员被分配到工作的酒精，以及那些在较大的社区更有可能进行合规检查。拥有更多全职代理的州机构以及位于州机构或州和地方执法机构对执行酒精零售法负有主要责任的州（仅与当地法律机构相比）的州机构也更有可能进行合规检查;然而，这些机构特征在多变量分析中并不具有统计学意义。需要继续努力，增加使用最佳方法进行合规检查的地方和州机构的数量，以减少青年获得酒精的机会。
Compliance checks conducted by law enforcement agents can significantly reduce the likelihood of illegal alcohol sales to underage individuals, but these checks need to be conducted using optimal methods to maintain effectiveness. We conducted a national survey of local and state enforcement agencies in 2010–2011 to assess: (1) how many agencies are currently conducting underage alcohol compliance checks, (2) how many agencies that conduct compliance checks use optimal methods—including checking all establishments in the jurisdiction, conducting checks at least 3–4 times per year, conducting follow-up checks within 3 months, and penalizing the licensee (not only the server/clerk) for failing a compliance check, and (3) characteristics of the agencies that conduct compliance checks. Just over one third of local law enforcement agencies and over two thirds of state agencies reported conducting compliance checks. However, only a small percentage of the agencies (4–6%) reported using all of the optimal methods to maximize effectiveness of these compliance checks. Local law enforcement agencies with an alcohol-related division, those with at least one full-time officer assigned to work on alcohol, and those in larger communities were significantly more likely to conduct compliance checks. State agencies with more full-time agents and those located in states where the state agency or both state and local enforcement agencies have primary responsibility (vs. only the local law agency) for enforcing alcohol retail laws were also more likely to conduct compliance checks; however, these agency characteristics did not remain statistically significant in the multivariate analyses. Continued effort is needed to increase the number of local and state agencies conducting compliance checks using optimal methods to reduce youth access to alcohol.
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影响因子：
6
作者：
FORSTER, JL;MCGOVERN, PG;ANSTINE, PS
通讯作者：
ANSTINE, PS
影响因子：
6
作者：
Grube, JW
通讯作者：
Grube, JW
DOI：
10.1097/01.alc.0000057043.04199.b7
发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Freisthler, B;Gruenewald, PJ;Lee, J
通讯作者：
Lee, J
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Paschall, Mallie J.;Grube, Joel W.;Ringwalt, Christopher L.
通讯作者：
Ringwalt, Christopher L.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
PREUSSER, DF;WILLIAMS, AF;WEINSTEIN, HB
通讯作者：
WEINSTEIN, HB