Reinforcer pathology of internet-related behaviors among college students: Data from six countries.
Reinforcer pathology of internet-related behaviors among college students: Data from six countries.
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DOI：
10.1037/pha0000459
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Murphy JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acuff SF;Pilatti A;Collins M;Hides L;Thingujam NS;Chai WJ;Yap WM;Shuai R;Hogarth L;Bravo AJ;Murphy JG
研究表明，重复参与与即时奖励相关的低努力行为，如互联网使用，可能导致病理性强化过程，其中行为越来越多地选择其他活动，部分原因是替代活动的可用性较低，以及强烈偏好即时而不是延迟奖励（延迟折扣）。然而，这种成瘾病理模型还没有推广到其他与互联网相关的行为，如在线游戏或智能手机的使用。考虑到这些技术的广泛可用性，研究互联网相关行为的病理学是否具有文化普遍性或文化特异性也很重要。目前的研究探讨了行为经济学结构之间的关系（互联网需求，延迟折扣和替代强化）和互联网相关成瘾行为（有害的互联网使用，智能手机使用，在线游戏和网络性行为）在大学生的横截面样本（N = 1，406）来自6个不同国家（阿根廷、澳大利亚、印度、马来西亚、英国和美国）。使用结构方程模型，互联网需求与有害的互联网使用，智能手机使用和在线游戏相关;延迟折扣与有害的智能手机使用相关;替代强化与有害的互联网和智能手机使用相关。这些模型在各国之间部分不变。然而，行为经济变量的平均水平因国家而异，国家级国内生产总值，个人收入和出生性别。结果支持行为经济学理论，并强调在模型中考虑个人和国家层面的社会文化背景因素的重要性，以了解有害的参与与互联网相关的行为。
Research has demonstrated that repeated engagement in low-effort behaviors that are associated with immediate reward, such as Internet use, can result in a pathological reinforcement process in which the behavior is increasingly selected over other activities due, in part, to a low availability of alternative activities and to a strong preference for immediate rather than delayed rewards (delay discounting). However, this reinforcer pathology model has not been generalized to other Internet-related behaviors, such as online gaming or smartphone use. Given the widespread availability of these technologies, it is also important to examine whether reinforcer pathology of Internet-related behaviors is culturally universal or culture-specific. The current study examines relations between behavioral economic constructs (Internet demand, delay discounting, and alternative reinforcement) and Internet-related addictive behaviors (harmful Internet use, smartphone use, online gaming, and Internet sexual behavior) in a cross-sectional sample of college students (N = 1,406) from six different countries (Argentina, Australia, India, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Using structural equation modeling, Internet demand was associated with harmful Internet use, smartphone use, and online gaming; delay discounting was associated with harmful smartphone use; and alternative reinforcement was associated with harmful Internet and smartphone use. The models were partially invariant across countries. However, mean levels of behavioral economic variables differed across countries, country-level gross domestic product, person-level income, and sex at birth. Results support behavioral economic theory and highlight the importance of considering both individual and country-level sociocultural contextual factors in models for understanding harmful engagement with Internet-related behaviors.
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