Effect of intermittent cold exposure on brown fat activation, obesity, and energy homeostasis in mice.
Effect of intermittent cold exposure on brown fat activation, obesity, and energy homeostasis in mice.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0085876
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Reitman ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ravussin Y;Xiao C;Gavrilova O;Reitman ML
恒温动物有特殊的机制来维持恒定的核心体温，尽管热环境，食物供应和代谢需求的变化。棕色脂肪组织是主要的产热器官，通过耗散线粒体质子动力而快速有效地增加产热。已经表明，通过环境（即冷暴露）或药理学手段激活棕色脂肪可用于增加代谢率，从而减轻体重。在这里，我们评估了间歇性冷暴露（4°C，每周三次，每次1至8小时）对喂食高脂肪饮食的C57 BL/6 J小鼠的影响。冷暴露使挑战期间的代谢率增加了约两倍，并激活了棕色脂肪。作为回应，食物摄入量增加，以完全补偿增加的能量消耗;因此，小鼠体重或肥胖没有减少。尽管肥胖没有改变，但冷处理的小鼠在葡萄糖稳态方面表现出短暂的改善。大麻素受体-1反向激动剂AM 251的施用引起体重减轻和葡萄糖稳态的改善，但当与冷暴露结合时没有显示出进一步的改善。这些数据表明，间歇性冷暴露导致葡萄糖稳态的短暂的、有意义的改善，但当与AM 251组合时没有协同作用。由于在冷暴露期间能量消耗显著增加，因此在冷暴露期间将食物摄入与代谢需求分离的药物可以实现体重减轻和进一步的代谢改善。
Homeotherms have specific mechanisms to maintain a constant core body temperature despite changes in thermal environment, food supply, and metabolic demand. Brown adipose tissue, the principal thermogenic organ, quickly and efficiently increases heat production by dissipating the mitochondrial proton motive force. It has been suggested that activation of brown fat, via either environmental (i.e. cold exposure) or pharmacologic means, could be used to increase metabolic rate and thus reduce body weight. Here we assess the effects of intermittent cold exposure (4°C for one to eight hours three times a week) on C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. Cold exposure increased metabolic rate approximately two-fold during the challenge and activated brown fat. In response, food intake increased to compensate fully for the increased energy expenditure; thus, the mice showed no reduction in body weight or adiposity. Despite the unchanged adiposity, the cold-treated mice showed transient improvements in glucose homeostasis. Administration of the cannabinoid receptor-1 inverse agonist AM251 caused weight loss and improvements in glucose homeostasis, but showed no further improvements when combined with cold exposure. These data suggest that intermittent cold exposure causes transient, meaningful improvements in glucose homeostasis, but without synergy when combined with AM251. Since energy expenditure is significantly increased during cold exposure, a drug that dissociates food intake from metabolic demand during cold exposure may achieve weight loss and further metabolic improvements.
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DOI：
10.1097/00000421-198612000-00014
发表时间：
1986-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
CONTI, PS;SORDILLO, PP;SCHMALL, B
通讯作者：
SCHMALL, B
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
McLaughlin, PJ;Winston, KM;Salamone, JD
通讯作者：
Salamone, JD
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Mercer, JG;Moar, KM;Hoggard, N
通讯作者：
Hoggard, N
DOI：
10.1152/ajpendo.00309.2007
发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Bradley, Richard L.;Jeon, Justin Y.;Maratos-Flier, Eleftheria
通讯作者：
Maratos-Flier, Eleftheria
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Grujic, D;Susulic, VS;Lowell, BB
通讯作者：
Lowell, BB