Training differences predict dogs' (Canis lupus familiaris) preferences for prosocial others

Training differences predict dogs' (Canis lupus familiaris) preferences for prosocial others
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训练差异可以预测狗(Canis lupusamilis)对亲社会他人的偏好

DOI:
10.1007/s10071-020-01417-9
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Santos, Laurie R.
Santos, Laurie R.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Silver, Zachary A.;Furlong, Ellen E.;Johnston, Angie M.;Santos, Laurie R.

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人类从很小的时候就开始在各种不同的维度上评估其他代理人的行为,包括道德。例如,与反社会他人相比,6个月大的人类婴儿更喜欢亲社会他人,并且在各种范例中表现出对反社会他人的负面评价(Hamlin等人,Nature 450(7169):557,2007; Dev Sci 13(6):923-929,2010; Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(50):19931-19936,2011)。虽然这些倾向在人类物种中得到了很好的记录,但对于非人类动物是否出现类似的偏好却知之甚少。在这里,我们通过测试一种非人类物种的亲社会偏好来探索这个问题:家犬(Canis lupus familiaris)。鉴于狗与人类社会互动的普遍性,狗可能表现出类似人类的社会评价倾向。不幸的是,先前的研究在狗的社会评价产生了混合的结果。为了评估方法或训练差异是否导致了这些对比鲜明的结果,我们在相同的社会评价任务上测试了两种具有不同训练历史的狗样本。受过训练的敏捷性狗接近亲社会的演员显着更经常比反社会的演员,而未经训练的宠物狗没有表现出任何演员的偏好。不同训练历史的狗之间的这些差异表明,虽然狗在某些情况下可能表现出对亲社会他人的偏好,但与人类相比,它们的社会评价能力不太灵活,也不太强大。
Humans evaluate other agents’ behavior on a variety of different dimensions, including morally, from a very early age. For example, human infants as young as 6-months old prefer prosocial over antisocial others and demonstrate negative evaluations of antisocial others in a variety of paradigms (Hamlin et al. in Nature 450(7169):557, 2007; Dev Sci 13(6):923–929, 2010; Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(50):19931–19936, 2011). While these tendencies are well documented in the human species, less is known about whether similar preference emerge in non-human animals. Here, we explore this question by testing prosocial preferences in one non-human species: the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Given the ubiquity of dog–human social interactions, it is possible that dogs display human-like social evaluation tendencies. Unfortunately, prior research examining social evaluation in dogs has produced mixed results. To assess whether differences in methodology or training differences account for these contrasting results, we tested two samples of dogs with different training histories on an identical social evaluation task. Trained agility dogs approached a prosocial actor significantly more often than an antisocial actor, while untrained pet dogs showed no preference for either actor. These differences across dogs with different training histories suggest that while dogs may demonstrate preferences for prosocial others in some contexts, their social evaluation abilities are less flexible and less robust compared to those of humans.
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发表时间: 2019-02-01
影响因子: 2.3
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期刊: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
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发表时间: 2015
期刊: PloS one
影响因子: 3.7
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