Dog's discrimination of human selfish and generous attitudes: the role of individual recognition, experience, and experimenters' gender.
Dog's discrimination of human selfish and generous attitudes: the role of individual recognition, experience, and experimenters' gender.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0116314
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bentosela M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carballo F;Freidin E;Putrino N;Shimabukuro C;Casanave E;Bentosela M
对他人慷慨和自私行为的辨别和记忆可能是社会性动物的适应能力。狗似乎在与人类的直接和间接互动中都表现出了这种技能。然而，最近的研究表明，他们的能力可能取决于个人特征以外的线索，比如站的位置。因此，狗在解决合作任务时识别个体人类的条件仍然不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们让狗与两个人类实验者互动，一个是慷慨的（指着食物，给出明显的暗示，允许狗吃），另一个是自私的（指着食物，但在狗吃之前就吃了）。然后受试者可以在它们之间进行选择（研究1-3）。在研究1中，狗进行了几次训练试验，以学习慷慨和自私的实验者之间的区别，当他们是同一性别时。在研究2中，当实验者是不同性别的时候，辨别的学习速度更快，这一点可以从狗在训练试验中接近碗的潜伏期和他们在偏好测试中的选择中得到证明。然而，当实验人员在研究3的训练和选择阶段之间改变时，狗并没有被性别所迷惑。我们得出的结论是，狗会自发地利用人类的性别作为线索，来区分合作程度更高和更低的实验者。他们还依赖于其他一些个人特征，这些特征使他们在改变示威者时避免被性别混淆。我们从狗识别个体的能力和这种技能对它们在人类环境中生活的潜在优势的角度来讨论这些结果。
Discrimination of and memory for others’ generous and selfish behaviors could be adaptive abilities in social animals. Dogs have seemingly expressed such skills in both direct and indirect interactions with humans. However, recent studies suggest that their capacity may rely on cues other than people’s individual characteristics, such as the place where the person stands. Thus, the conditions under which dogs recognize individual humans when solving cooperative tasks still remains unclear. With the aim of contributing to this problem, we made dogs interact with two human experimenters, one generous (pointed towards the food, gave ostensive cues, and allowed the dog to eat it) and the other selfish (pointed towards the food, but ate it before the dog could have it). Then subjects could choose between them (studies 1-3). In study 1, dogs took several training trials to learn the discrimination between the generous and the selfish experimenters when both were of the same gender. In study 2, the discrimination was learned faster when the experimenters were of different gender as evidenced both by dogs’ latencies to approach the bowl in training trials as well as by their choices in preference tests. Nevertheless, dogs did not get confused by gender when the experimenters were changed in between the training and the choice phase in study 3. We conclude that dogs spontaneously used human gender as a cue to discriminate between more and less cooperative experimenters. They also relied on some other personal feature which let them avoid being confused by gender when demonstrators were changed. We discuss these results in terms of dogs’ ability to recognize individuals and the potential advantage of this skill for their lives in human environments.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Adachi, Ikuma;Kuwahata, Hiroko;Fujita, Kazuo
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2012.2573
发表时间：
2013-02-22
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通讯作者：
Wilkinson, Gerald S.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2013.1615
发表时间：
2013-10-07
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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