Attenuation of bacterial hazard indicators in the subsurface of an informal settlement and their application in quantitative microbial risk assessment.
Attenuation of bacterial hazard indicators in the subsurface of an informal settlement and their application in quantitative microbial risk assessment.
复制标题
非正规住区地下细菌危害指标的衰减及其在定量微生物风险评估中的应用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107429
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Halla FF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halla FF
坑式厕所为10亿多人提供了基本的现场卫生服务，但人们担心它们在传染病传播中的作用以及对地下水资源的影响。我们在霍乱流行的达累斯萨拉姆的一个非正式定居点进行了实地考察。我们将平板计数与便携式MinION测序和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）方法相结合，用于表征坑式厕所污泥，渗滤液，浅层和深层地下水资源中的细菌。每100 mL粪便中细菌总数（16 S rRNA）、大肠杆菌（E.大肠杆菌（rodA）、人宿主相关类杆菌（HF 183）和霍乱弧菌（ompW）。比较基因观察结果显示，使用坑厕者中有5%的霍乱弧菌携带者。坑渗滤液通过一米厚的砂床衰减1至4 log 10单位的细菌危害指标。但是，从这些数据得出的一阶去除率大大高估了砂岩含水层的长期灾害衰减。在所有ompW基因检测阳性的浅层地下水样品中同时出现人类污水标记基因HF 183，证明了地下水中霍乱弧菌危害的人类起源。所有钻孔水样本测试阴性forompW和HF 183基因，但16 S rRNA基因测序数据表明，粪便污染进入钻孔在高峰期的“长雨季”。定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）预测，社区每人每年的胃肠道疾病负担为0.05 DALY，远高于世卫组织与饮用水有关的疾病10-4-10- 6 DALY的目标。
Pit latrines provide essential onsite sanitation services to over a billion people, but there are concerns about their role in infectious disease transmission, and impacts on groundwater resources. We conducted fieldwork in an informal settlement in Dar es Salaam, where cholera is endemic. We combined plate counting with portable MinION sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods for characterization of bacteria in pit latrine sludge, leachate, shallow and deep groundwater resources. Pit latrine sludge was characterized by log10marker gene concentrations per 100 mL of 11.2 ± 0.2, 9.9 ± 0.9, 6.0 ± 0.3, and 4.4 ± 0.8, for total bacteria (16S rRNA),E. coli(rodA), human-host-associatedBacteroides(HF183), andVibrio cholerae(ompW), respectively. TheompWgene observations suggested 5 % asymptomaticVibrio choleraecarriers amongst pit latrine users. Pit leachate percolation through one-meter-thick sand beds attenuated bacterial hazard indicators by 1 to 4 log10units. But first-order removal rates derived from these data substantially overestimated the longer-range hazard attenuation in the sand aquifers. Cooccurrence of human sewage marker gene HF183 in all shallow groundwater samples testing positive forompWgenes demonstrated the human origin ofVibrio choleraehazards in the subsurface. All borehole water samples tested negative forompWand HF183 genes, but 16S rRNA gene sequencing data suggested ingress of faecal pollution into boreholes at the peak of the “long rainy season”. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) predicted a gastrointestinal disease burden of 0.05 DALY per person per year for the community, well above WHO targets of 10-4-10-6DALY for disease related to drinking water.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Kasalický V;Jezbera J;Hahn MW;Šimek K
通讯作者：
Šimek K
基于健康的霍乱弧菌摄入暴露指南：水回用应用的技术基础。
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
A. Watson;A. Armstrong;G. H. White;B. Thran
通讯作者：
B. Thran
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
L. Pang;M. Close;M. Goltz;L. Sinton;H. Davies;C. Hall;G. Stanton
通讯作者：
L. Pang;M. Close;M. Goltz;L. Sinton;H. Davies;C. Hall;G. Stanton
季节性对使用遗传标记作为小型废水处理厂绩效指标的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139928
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
The Science of the total environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Bunce;A. Robson;D. Graham
通讯作者：
D. Graham
粪便链球菌作为粪便污染指标：综述。
DOI：
10.1080/00288330.1993.9516550
发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
L. Sinton;A. Donnison;C. Hastie
通讯作者：
C. Hastie