How should we define a nociceptor in the gut-brain axis?
How should we define a nociceptor in the gut-brain axis?
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2022.1096405
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Hu, Hongzhen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spencer, Nick J.;Hibberd, Tim;Xie, Zili;Hu, Hongzhen
在过去的几年中，肠道与大脑的交流充满了兴趣。它们的模式缺乏大多数内脏的传入，尤其是腹部的脊柱传入，就像肠道一样。离子通道TRPV1通常被认为是“伤害性”神经元的标记，大多数表达TRPV1的肠道肠道传入神经元在“正常”的生理范围内都在低阈值中激活。肠道？该过程被加密到多种不同的形态类型的脊柱传入神经结尾，而不是一类感觉结束的过程，例如自由末端，建议在皮肤中伤害感受。
In the past few years, there has been extraordinary interest in how the gut communicates with the brain. This is because substantial and gathering data has emerged to suggest that sensory nerve pathways between the gut and brain may contribute much more widely in heath and disease, than was originally presumed. In the skin, the different types of sensory nerve endings have been thoroughly characterized, including the morphology of different nerve endings and the sensory modalities they encode. This knowledge is lacking for most types of visceral afferents, particularly spinal afferents that innervate abdominal organs, like the gut. In fact, only recently have the nerve endings of spinal afferents in any visceral organ been identified. What is clear is that spinal afferents play the major role in pain perception from the gut to the brain. Perhaps surprisingly, the majority of spinal afferent nerve endings in the gut express the ion channel TRPV1, which is often considered to be a marker of “nociceptive” neurons. And, a majority of gut-projecting spinal afferent neurons expressing TRPV1 are activated at low thresholds, in the “normal” physiological range, well below the normal threshold for detection of painful sensations. This introduces a major conundrum regarding visceral nociception. How should we define a “nociceptor” in the gut? We discuss the notion that nociception from the gut wall maybe a process encrypted into multiple different morphological types of spinal afferent nerve ending, rather than a single class of sensory ending, like free-endings, suggested to underlie nociception in skin.
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