The Effects of Temperament on Depression According to the Schema Model: A Scoping Review.
The Effects of Temperament on Depression According to the Schema Model: A Scoping Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph15061231
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发表时间：
2018-06-11
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ho RCM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lim CR;Barlas J;Ho RCM
背景资料：最近的研究表明，并不是每一个抑郁症患者都对认知行为疗法有反应，有些人在终止治疗后会复发。由于其对过去和现在的双重关注，图式模型（SM）代表了一个有前途的替代模型来理解抑郁症。然而，研究SM往往操作相同的结构不同，导致变化的证据不一致。没有已知的评论澄清（1）如何最好地评估图式结构;（2）抑郁症的相关途径，没有这些，SM的经验基础无法检查。研究方法：根据PRISMA指南进行了范围审查，以映射SM和抑郁症的结构之间的关系的证据，以及用于评估结构的措施。共识别出2463篇文章，包括49项主要研究。本文是范围审查的一个子集，重点是五项研究，探讨气质对抑郁症的影响。结果：气质的操作化模型主要有五因素模型（FFM）和人格的心理生物学模型（PBM）。神经质和伤害回避与抑郁症状呈正相关，自我导向和合作性与抑郁症状呈负相关。结论：FFM更适合于操作性气质的SM和抑郁症的研究，由于其理论兼容性SM，建立心理测量特性的措施，并广泛使用SM的研究。在FFM的五个因素中，只有神经质对抑郁有直接和间接的影响。这些发现受到均匀采样的限制，因此未来的研究应考虑将其扩展到成人临床样本。然而，这篇综述代表了系统研究SM经验基础的第一步，并为抑郁症的治疗创新和实践做出了贡献。
Background: Recent studies have shown that not every depressed patient responds to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and some of those who do relapse upon termination. Due to its dual focus on the past and present, Schema Model (SM) represents a promising alternative model to understand depression. However, studies examining SM often operationalize the same construct differently, resulting in inconsistent evidence of change. There is no known review clarifying (1) how best to assess schema constructs; and (2) the relevant pathways to depression, without which, the empirical basis for SM cannot be examined. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines to map evidence of the relationship between constructs of SM and depression, and measures used to assess the constructs. 2463 articles were identified with 49 primary research studies included. This paper is a subset of the scoping review and focuses on the five studies examining effects of temperament on depression. Results: Two models were used to operationalize temperament: The Five Factor Model (FFM) and the Psychobiological Model of Personality (PBM). The variables of neuroticism and harm avoidance were positively associated with depressive symptoms while self-directedness and cooperativeness were negative associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The FFM is more suited to operationalize temperament in studies of SM and depression due to its theoretical compatibility with SM, established psychometric properties of its measures, and widespread use among studies of SM. Out of the five factors in the FFM, only neuroticism exerts direct and indirect effects on depression. These findings are limited by homogeneous sampling, hence future research studies should consider extending it to adult clinical samples. Nevertheless, this review represents a first step in the systematic examination of the empirical basis of SM and a contribution to treatment innovation and practice for depression.
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通讯作者：
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