Neuroendocrine-autonomic integration in the paraventricular nucleus: novel roles for dendritically released neuropeptides.
Neuroendocrine-autonomic integration in the paraventricular nucleus: novel roles for dendritically released neuropeptides.
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DOI：
10.1111/jne.12252
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Stern JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stern JE
中枢神经系统中成对神经元之间的通讯通常涉及经典的“硬连线”突触传输，其特点是时间和空间上的高精度。然而，在过去的二十年里，关于大脑中使用的通信方式的知识已经显著扩展到包括非常规形式，其特征是信息的扩散和时间上不那么精确的传输。这些形式最适合于调解整个神经元群体之间的交流，现在人们认为这是大脑中产生复杂行为的基本过程。下丘脑室旁核(PVN)对渗透压应激作出反应，产生一种多模式的稳态反应，包括协调的神经内分泌(即全身释放加压素)和自主神经(即交感神经流出肾脏)。然而，这两个不同的神经元群体之间群体间串扰的确切机制仍然很大程度上是未知的。本文总结和讨论了最近的一系列研究，这些研究确认树突释放神经肽是PVN中一种新的种群间信号传递方式。描述了目前的工作模型，在该模型中，PVN内神经分泌神经元的加压素活性依赖的树突释放以扩散的方式作用于增加远处交感前神经元的活性，导致整合的交感兴奋群体反应，特别是在高渗挑战的背景下。这种新的细胞间通讯的细胞机制，以及它的生理和病理生理学意义，进行了讨论。
Communication between pairs of neurones in the central nervous system typically involves classical ‘hard-wired’ synaptic transmission, characterised by high temporal and spatial precision. Over the last two decades, however, knowledge regarding the repertoire of communication modalities used in the brain has notably expanded to include less conventional forms, characterised by a diffuse and less temporally precise transfer of information. These forms are best suited to mediate communication among entire neuronal populations, now recognised to be a fundamental process in the brain for the generation of complex behaviours. In response to an osmotic stressor, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) generates a multimodal homeostatic response that involves orchestrated neuroendocrine (i.e. systemic release of vasopressin) and autonomic (i.e. sympathetic outflow to the kidneys) components. The precise mechanisms that underlie interpopulation cross-talk between these two distinct neuronal populations, however, remain largely unknown. The present review summarises and discusses a series of recent studies that have identified the dendritic release of neuropeptides as a novel interpopulation signalling modality in the PVN. A current working model is described in which it is proposed that the activity-dependent dendritic release of vasopressin from neurosecretory neurones in the PVN acts in a diffusible manner to increase the activity of distant presympathetic neurones, resulting in an integrated sympathoexcitatory population response, particularly within the context of a hyperosmotic challenge. The cellular mechanism underlying this novel form of intercellular communication, as well as its physiological and pathophysiological implications, is discussed.
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