Circular RNA: an important player with multiple facets to regulate its parental gene expression.
Circular RNA: an important player with multiple facets to regulate its parental gene expression.
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环状RNA：具有多个方面调节其亲代基因表达的重要角色
DOI：
10.1016/j.omtn.2020.11.008
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发表时间：
2021-03-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Xiong XD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shao T;Pan YH;Xiong XD
环状RNA（Circular RNA，circRNA）是一类新型的具有共价闭环结构的内源性RNA，已成为RNA界的一个新的研究热点。它们的多样性、稳定性、进化保守性和细胞类型或组织特异性表达模式赋予了circRNA各种重要的生物学功能。因此，circRNA正在成为生理发育和疾病发病机制的重要调节因子。越来越多的证据表明，circRNA可以通过多种机制调节亲本基因的表达，如转录和剪接调节、microRNA（miRNA）海绵、mRNA陷阱、翻译调节和翻译后修饰。对circRNA及其如何调控亲本基因表达的研究将有助于更深入地了解其生物学功能，并为其临床应用提供新的视角。本文综述了circRNA的生物起源，特别是circRNA调控其亲本基因表达的分子机制及其生物学意义。circRNA是共价闭合的连续环，其表现出多种生物学功能。本文综述了circRNA在亲本基因表达调控中的作用，包括转录和剪接调控、ceRNA机制、mRNA陷阱和翻译/翻译后调控等方面的最新研究进展。这可能为circRNA的理解和进一步研究提供新的视角。
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of endogenous RNAs with covalently closed-loop structures, have become a new research hotspot in the RNA world. Their diversity, stability, evolutionary conservation, and cell type- or tissue-specific expression patterns endow circRNAs with various important biological functions. As a consequence, circRNAs are emerging as important regulators of physiological development and disease pathogenesis. Growing evidence has shown that circRNAs can regulate parental gene expression through diverse mechanisms, such as transcription and splicing regulation, microRNA (miRNA) sponges, mRNA traps, translational modulation, and post-translational modification. The study of circRNAs and how circRNAs regulate the expression of parental genes will facilitate a deeper understanding of their biological functions and provide new perspectives on their clinical application. Herein, we review the biogenesis of circRNAs, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs regulating their parental gene expression and the biological significance of such regulation. circRNAs are covalently closed continuous loops that exhibit multiple biological functions. This review summarizes recent advances in circRNAs’ regulatory roles in parental gene expression, including transcription and splicing regulation, ceRNA mechanisms, mRNA traps, and translational/post-translational regulation. It may provide new perspectives for the understanding and further investigation of circRNAs.
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DOI：
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