Conscious recall of different aspects of skill memory.
Conscious recall of different aspects of skill memory.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00233
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Cohen LG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Song S;Cohen LG
日常生活所需记忆的形成涉及不同的机制。例如，对于运动序列中按键之间的练习转换（即，在“4-3-2-1”中的“3”之后按下键“2”）和每个按键的顺序位置（即，在“4-3-2-1”中的第三个顺序位置中按下键“2”）形成不同的记忆表示。由此产生的基于转换和序数的记忆（宋和科恩）是否可以被有意识地回忆起来尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了经过一周多的训练和测试的受试者，他们形成了 12 项按键序列的过渡和基于序数的技能记忆表示。之后，受试者首先被要求回忆并输入训练过的序列，然后执行随机按键以避免训练过的序列。有目的地回忆和避免训练序列的能力差异代表有意识的回忆（Destrebecqz 和 Cleeremans）。我们报告说（a）有目的地回忆和避免训练序列的能力差异与基于序数的记忆相关，但与基于转换的记忆无关； (b) 受试者无法回忆或避免所训练的序列，形成基于过渡的记忆，但不形成基于序数的记忆； (c) 具有完全回忆和避免训练序列的能力的受试者形成基于转换的记忆和基于序数的记忆。我们得出的结论是，当基于转换的记忆不能时，基于序数的记忆可以被自愿回忆起来，这记录了回忆形成运动技能的记忆的能力差异。了解不同的记忆通过不同的神经基质形成运动技能（Cohen 和 Squire），可能有助于为脑损伤患者的神经康复制定新的训练策略。
Different mechanisms are involved in the formation of memories necessary for daily living. For example, different memory representations are formed for the practiced transitions between key-presses (i.e., pressing key “2” after “3” in “4-3-2-1”) and for the ordinal position of each key-press (i.e., pressing key “2” in the third ordinal position in “4-3-2-1”) in a motor sequence. Whether the resulting transition-based and ordinal-based memories (Song and Cohen,) can be consciously recalled is unknown. Here, we studied subjects who over a week of training and testing formed transition and ordinal-based memory representations of skill for a 12-item sequence of key-presses. Afterwards, subjects were first asked to recall and type the trained sequence and then to perform random key-presses avoiding the trained sequence. The difference in the ability to purposefully recall and avoid a trained sequence represents conscious recall (Destrebecqz and Cleeremans,). We report that (a) the difference in the ability to purposefully recall and to avoid the trained sequence correlated with ordinal-based but not with transition-based memory; (b) subjects with no ability to recall or avoid the trained sequence formed transition-based but not ordinal-based memories; and (c) subjects with full ability to recall and avoid the trained sequence formed both transition-based and ordinal-based memories. We conclude that ordinal-based memory can be voluntarily recalled when transition-based memory cannot, documenting a differential capacity to recall memories forming a motor skill. Understanding that different memories form a motor skill, with different neural substrates (Cohen and Squire,), may help develop novel training strategies in neurorehabilitation of patients with brain lesions.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90262-2
发表时间：
1996-08-01
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Hanlon, RE
通讯作者：
Hanlon, RE
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
COHEN, NJ;SQUIRE, LR
通讯作者：
SQUIRE, LR
影响因子：
2
作者：
Goedert, KM;Willingham, DB
通讯作者：
Willingham, DB
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Destrebecqz, A;Cleeremans, A
通讯作者：
Cleeremans, A
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Song S;Cohen LG
通讯作者：
Cohen LG