Advancing the Design and Operating Conditions for Block Freeze Concentration of Urine-Derived Fertilizer
Advancing the Design and Operating Conditions for Block Freeze Concentration of Urine-Derived Fertilizer
复制标题
改进尿源肥料块冻浓缩的设计和操作条件
DOI：
10.1021/acsestengg.1c00271
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Love, Nancy G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noe-Hays, Abraham;Homeyer, Ryan John;Davis, Arthur P.;Love, Nancy G.
本文的重点是评估一个可扩展的块冷冻装置的性能，用于从社区规模的尿液收集系统中浓缩老化的、源分离的尿液，该系统用于生产可持续的肥料。两阶段冷冻浓缩的温度设置确定为第一阶段为−6.5 °C，第二阶段为−13 °C，解冻阶段为3.0-4.0 °C。这些温度反映了比先前的冷冻浓缩研究更小的范围，并且有可能降低能耗。改变冷冻和熔化期的长度、冷冻室内的热传递方向和冷冻室的取向以确定优选的操作条件。氮（N），磷（P），钾（K）的相对质量是恒定的处理过程中，所有被浓缩到3.3倍，在一个单一的阶段与80%的养分保留。一个迭代的质量平衡分析的两个阶段的系统，包括回收保留92%的营养物质，并实现了5.8的浓度指数。该实验浓缩器显示了性能和独特的操作功能，将冷冻浓缩提升为尿液分离系统的可扩展选项。
This paper is focused on evaluating the performance of a scalable block freezing device for concentrating aged, source-separated urine from a community-scale urine collection system that is used to create sustainable fertilizers. Temperature settings for two-stage freeze concentration were determined to be −6.5 °C during the first stage, −13 °C during the second stage, and 3.0–4.0 °C during the thaw stage. These temperatures reflect a smaller range than prior freeze concentration studies and have the potential to reduce energy consumption. The length of freeze and melt periods, the direction of heat transfer within the freeze chamber, and the orientation of the freeze chamber were varied to identify a preferred operating condition. The relative mass of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) was constant during processing, and all were concentrated up to 3.3 times in a single stage with 80% nutrient retention. An iterative mass balance analysis of a two-stage system that incorporated recycling retained 92% of nutrients and achieved a concentration index of 5.8. This experimental concentrator reveals performance and unique operational features that elevate freeze concentration as a scalable option for urine separation systems.
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冷冻浓缩，以浓缩非混合厕所黄水中的营养物质。
DOI：
10.2166/wst.2004.0360
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
影响因子：
--
作者：
H. Gulyas;P. Bruhn;M. Furmańska;K. Hartrampf;K. Kot;B. Lüttenberg;Z. Mahmood;K. Stelmaszewska;R. Otterpohl
通讯作者：
R. Otterpohl
影响因子：
7
作者：
D. G. Randall;J. Nathoo
通讯作者：
D. G. Randall;J. Nathoo
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Auleda, J. M.;Raventos, M.;Hernandez, E.
通讯作者：
Hernandez, E.
影响因子：
12.1
作者：
D. L. Medeiros;A. Kiperstok;F. R. A. Nascimento;E. Cohim;A. Kiperstok
通讯作者：
D. L. Medeiros;A. Kiperstok;F. R. A. Nascimento;E. Cohim;A. Kiperstok
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Clark, Brandon;Tarpeh, William A.
通讯作者：
Tarpeh, William A.