The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders.
The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders.
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太平洋岛民的遗传结构。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.0040019
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发表时间：
2008-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Weber JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedlaender JS;Friedlaender FR;Reed FA;Kidd KK;Kidd JR;Chambers GK;Lea RA;Loo JH;Koki G;Hodgson JA;Merriwether DA;Weber JL
太平洋地区的人类遗传多样性尚未得到充分采样，特别是在美拉尼西亚。因此，那里的人口关系一直存在争议。来自41个太平洋种群的952个个体的常染色体标记（687个微卫星和203个插入/缺失）的基因组扫描现在为理解美拉尼西亚变异的显着性质提供了基础，并为这些太平洋种群与以前研究的来自其他地区的群体进行更准确的比较提供了基础。它还显示了在特定情况下，人口变化的结构。个别太平洋人口的遗传多样性是非常低的，而美拉尼西亚群体之间的分化是高的。美拉尼西亚的差异不仅在岛屿之间，而且在岛屿大小和地形复杂性方面也各不相同。最大的区别是在大岛内部的孤立群体之间，这些群体也是内部最同质的。该模式松散地跟踪语言差异。讲巴布亚语的群体分化最大，而往往生活在沿着的讲南岛语或海洋语的群体则更为混杂。在讲南岛语族语言的美拉尼西亚族群中，只有不到一半的族群发现了一个小的“南岛语族”基因特征（总是<20%），而在讲巴布亚语的族群中则完全没有。虽然波利尼西亚人也很独特，但他们倾向于与印度尼西亚人，台湾原住民和东亚人聚集在一起，而不是美拉尼西亚人。这些发现有助于解决关于波利尼西亚起源及其过去与美拉尼西亚人相互作用的争论。关于遗传学，早期的研究严重依赖于单位点线粒体DNA或Y染色体变异的证据。这两个都没有提供一个明确的信号，在太平洋的系统发育关系或人口混合比例。我们的分析表明，波利尼西亚人的祖先相对迅速地通过美拉尼西亚迁移，并且只在很小的程度上与那里的土著居民混合。几十年来，太平洋岛民的起源和目前的遗传关系一直是人们感兴趣和有争议的主题。通过分析来自41个太平洋人群的近1,000个个体中大量（687个）遗传标记的变异，并将其与东亚人和其他人进行比较，我们有助于澄清和解决其中许多问题。从我们调查的人口来看，波利尼西亚人和密克罗尼西亚人与美拉尼西亚人几乎没有遗传关系，而是与东亚人，特别是台湾原住民有很强的亲缘关系。少数美拉尼西亚人与波利尼西亚人和波利尼西亚人有一个小的共同遗传祖先（有这种联系的人都说相关的南岛语）。说巴布亚语的内陆群体尤其分歧且内部同质。美拉尼西亚岛人口之间的遗传差异，这是整齐地组织岛屿，岛屿大小/地形，以及他们的沿海或内陆位置，是显着的这样一个小区域，并扩大了我们的理解当代人类的纹理变化。
Human genetic diversity in the Pacific has not been adequately sampled, particularly in Melanesia. As a result, population relationships there have been open to debate. A genome scan of autosomal markers (687 microsatellites and 203 insertions/deletions) on 952 individuals from 41 Pacific populations now provides the basis for understanding the remarkable nature of Melanesian variation, and for a more accurate comparison of these Pacific populations with previously studied groups from other regions. It also shows how textured human population variation can be in particular circumstances. Genetic diversity within individual Pacific populations is shown to be very low, while differentiation among Melanesian groups is high. Melanesian differentiation varies not only between islands, but also by island size and topographical complexity. The greatest distinctions are among the isolated groups in large island interiors, which are also the most internally homogeneous. The pattern loosely tracks language distinctions. Papuan-speaking groups are the most differentiated, and Austronesian or Oceanic-speaking groups, which tend to live along the coastlines, are more intermixed. A small “Austronesian” genetic signature (always <20%) was detected in less than half the Melanesian groups that speak Austronesian languages, and is entirely lacking in Papuan-speaking groups. Although the Polynesians are also distinctive, they tend to cluster with Micronesians, Taiwan Aborigines, and East Asians, and not Melanesians. These findings contribute to a resolution to the debates over Polynesian origins and their past interactions with Melanesians. With regard to genetics, the earlier studies had heavily relied on the evidence from single locus mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome variation. Neither of these provided an unequivocal signal of phylogenetic relations or population intermixture proportions in the Pacific. Our analysis indicates the ancestors of Polynesians moved through Melanesia relatively rapidly and only intermixed to a very modest degree with the indigenous populations there. The origins and current genetic relationships of Pacific Islanders have been the subjects of interest and controversy for many decades. By analyzing the variation of a large number (687) of genetic markers in almost 1,000 individuals from 41 Pacific populations, and comparing these with East Asians and others, we contribute to the clarification and resolution of many of these issues. To judge by the populations in our survey, we find that Polynesians and Micronesians have almost no genetic relation to Melanesians, but instead are strongly related to East Asians, and particularly Taiwan Aborigines. A minority of Island Melanesian populations have indications of a small shared genetic ancestry with Polynesians and Micronesians (the ones that have this tie all speak related Austronesian languages). Inland groups who speak Papuan languages are particularly divergent and internally homogeneous. The genetic divergence among Island Melanesian populations, which is neatly organized by island, island size/topography, as well as their coastal or inland locations, is remarkable for such a small region, and enlarges our understanding of the texture of contemporary human variation.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Kayser, M;Brauer, S;Stoneking, M
通讯作者：
Stoneking, M
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
BOWCOCK, AM;RUIZLINARES, A;CAVALLISFORZA, LL
通讯作者：
CAVALLISFORZA, LL
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Charlesworth, B
通讯作者：
Charlesworth, B
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Friedlaender JS;Friedlaender FR;Hodgson JA;Stoltz M;Koki G;Horvat G;Zhadanov S;Schurr TG;Merriwether DA
通讯作者：
Merriwether DA
影响因子：
2
作者：
BLUST, R
通讯作者：
BLUST, R