Breadth-Based Models of Women's Underrepresentation in STEM Fields: An Integrative Commentary on Schmidt (2011) and Nye et al. (2012).
Breadth-Based Models of Women's Underrepresentation in STEM Fields: An Integrative Commentary on Schmidt (2011) and Nye et al. (2012).
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691614522067
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发表时间：
2014-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ceci SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Valla JM;Ceci SJ
数学和语言能力以及兴趣的相对强度比单独的绝对数学能力更能推动科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 职业选择。与具有同等数学能力但在非数学领域具有相当实力的人相比，拥有一种主导能力（例如数学）会增加在该领域形成强烈自我概念的可能性，并减少对职业选择含糊不清的可能性。相对于语言领域，男性比女性更有可能在数学方面具有更高能力的不对称认知特征。这两点共同表明，高数学能力男性的学术和职业追求可能归因于他们在 STEM 领域的狭窄选择，而女性更对称的认知概况意味着他们的数学和语言兴趣在能力自我概念的形成中相互竞争，从而在更广泛的职业选择中相互竞争。事实上，这种对 STEM 职业的模棱两可现象早在初中时就在数学能力较高的女孩身上就已经很明显了。因此，我们认为，兴趣和才能的不对称是职业选择中性别差异的一个未被充分认识的因素。如果确实如此，那么专注于加强年轻女性的 STEM 相关能力和能力自我概念以增加女性 STEM 代表性可能是一种低效的方法；为了增加代表性，集中精力挖掘那些兴趣广度和能力强跨越社会/语言和空间/数字领域的女孩和妇女的潜力可能会更有效。通过将 STEM 置于社会情境中来发挥更大广度的干预措施是一种潜在的解决方案。
Relative strength of math and verbal abilities and interests drive science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) career choices more than absolute math ability alone. Having one dominant aptitude (e.g., for mathematics) increases the likelihood of a strong self-concept in that domain and decreases the likelihood of equivocation about career choices in comparison with individuals with equivalent mathematical aptitude who have comparable strength in non-math areas. Males are more likely than females to have an asymmetrical cognitive profile of higher aptitude in math relative to verbal domains. Together, these two points suggest that the academic and career pursuits of high math ability males may be attributable to their narrower options among STEM fields, whereas females’ more symmetrical cognitive profile means their math and verbal interests compete in the formation of their ability self-concept and, hence, in their broader career choices. Such equivocation about STEM careers is in fact already evident in girls with high math aptitude as early as junior high school. Thus, we argue that asymmetry in interests and aptitudes is an underappreciated factor in sex differences in career choice. To the extent this is true, focusing on strengthening young women’s STEM-related abilities and ability self-concepts to increase female STEM representation may be an unproductive approach; to increase representation, it may be more effective to focus on harvesting the potential of those girls and women whose breadth of interest and high ability spans social/verbal and spatial/numerical domains. The use of interventions that play to this greater breadth by socially contextualizing STEM is one potential solution.
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影响因子：
12.6
作者：
Nye, Christopher D.;Su, Rong;Drasgow, Fritz
通讯作者：
Drasgow, Fritz
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Bennett, Judith;Hogarth, Sylvia
通讯作者：
Hogarth, Sylvia
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Valla, Jeffrey M.;Ganzel, Barbara L.;Belmonte, Matthew K.
通讯作者：
Belmonte, Matthew K.
影响因子：
12.6
作者：
Valla, Jeffrey M.;Ceci, Stephen J.
通讯作者：
Ceci, Stephen J.
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Eccles, JS;Vida, MN;Barber, B
通讯作者：
Barber, B