The nutritional condition of moose co‐varies with climate, but not with density, predation risk or diet composition
The nutritional condition of moose co‐varies with climate, but not with density, predation risk or diet composition
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驼鹿的营养状况随气候变化，但与密度、捕食风险或饮食成分无关
DOI：
10.1111/oik.08498
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Parikh, Grace L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Hoy, Sarah;Forbey, Jennifer S.;Melody, Daniel P.;Vucetich, Leah M.;Peterson, Rolf O.;Koitzsch, K. B.;Koitzsch, Lisa O.;Von Duyke, Andrew L.;Henderson, John J.;Parikh, Grace L.
关于食草动物种群生态学的一个基本问题涉及到生物和非生物过程对营养条件的相对影响。植物次生代谢物(PSM)会对食草动物的生理和能量产生不利影响，从而对营养状况产生重要影响，但人们对此知之甚少。在这里，我们评估了各种非生物(天气)和生物(种内竞争、捕食风险和食物组成)因素对营养状况指标的相对影响，以及为美国皇家岛国家公园的驼鹿种群提供PSM解毒的能量成本。具体地说，我们观察到尿素氮与肌酐的比率(UN：C)，一个营养限制的指标，29年来的年际变化，以及葡萄糖醛酸与肌酐的比率(GA：C)，一个能量投资于解毒PSM的指标，在19年中的变化。在尿液浸泡的雪样中测定了UN：C和GA：C。最重要的是，气候因素解释了UN：C年际变化的66%，驼鹿在厚雪的冬天和温暖的夏天之后的冬天营养压力更大。没有一个生物因素(密度、捕食性、食物组成)是预测UN：C或GA：C的有用因子。食物组成与UN：C或GA：C之间没有关系，这表明野生草食动物的营养生态可能由于同一物种植物之间蛋白质含量和PSM浓度的细微变化而变得复杂。在个体和种群水平上，随着GA：C的增加，UN：C均呈上升趋势。这一结果与戒毒耗费巨大的能量是一致的，从而损害了营养状况，也突显了PSM摄入量和解毒的时空差异可能会影响种群动态。最后，由于我们观察到30年来营养状况的年际变化和20年来排毒的年际变化，这些发现与对食草动物种群如何应对气候变化的担忧有关。
A fundamental question about the ecology of herbivore populations pertains to the relative influence of biotic and abiotic processes on nutritional condition. Nutritional condition is influenced in important, yet poorly understood, ways by plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) which can adversely affect a herbivore's physiology and energetics. Here we assess the relative influence of various abiotic (weather) and biotic (intraspecific competition, predation risk and diet composition) factors on indicators of nutritional condition and the energetic costs of detoxifying PSMs for the moose population in Isle Royale National Park (USA). Specifically, we observed interannual variation in the ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine (UN:C), an indicator of nutritional restriction, over 29 years and the ratio of glucuronic acid to creatinine (GA:C), an indicator of energetic investment in detoxifying PSMs, over 19‐years. Both UN:C and GA:C were measured in samples of urine‐soaked snow. Most importantly, climatic factors explained 66% of the interannual variation in UN:C, with moose being more nutritionally stressed during winters with deep snow and during winters that followed warm summers. None of the biotic factors (density, predation, diet composition) were useful predictors of UN:C or GA:C. The absence of a relationship between diet composition and either UN:C or GA:C suggests that the nutritional ecology of wild herbivores is probably complicated by fine‐scale variation in protein content and concentrations of PSMs amongst plants of the same species. UN:C increased with GA:C at both the individual and population‐level. That result is consistent with detoxification being energetically costly, such that it impairs nutritional condition and also highlights how spatio‐temporal variation in the intake and detoxification of PSMs may influence population dynamics. Lastly, because we observed interannual variation in nutritional condition over three decades and detoxification over two decades these findings are relevant to concerns about how herbivore populations respond to climate change.
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--
发表时间：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
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