The young, the weak and the sick: evidence of natural selection by predation.
The young, the weak and the sick: evidence of natural selection by predation.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0009774
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发表时间：
2010-03-19
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Oro D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Genovart M;Negre N;Tavecchia G;Bistuer A;Parpal L;Oro D
人们认为，捕食者主要捕食不合标准的个人，但即使一些研究部分支持这一想法，证据与大样本量，详尽的分析猎物和强大的分析是缺乏的。我们从一个黄腿鸥的淘汰计划中收集了数据，这些黄腿鸥被两种方法杀死：使用猛禽或随机射击。我们比较了这两个数据集，以评估猛禽是随机捕杀还是依赖于猎物的特定个体特征。我们进行了细致的尸检的个人，并同时分析多种猎物的特点，我们表明，猛禽没有随机狩猎，而是优先在青少年，生病的海鸥，和个人的肌肉状况差。引人注目的是，肌肉状况异常良好的海鸥也比预期的要早，支持了质量依赖捕食风险理论。这篇文章提供了一个可靠的例子，说明自然选择如何在野外运作，并证明捕食者主要捕食不合标准的个体。
It is assumed that predators mainly prey on substandard individuals, but even though some studies partially support this idea, evidence with large sample sizes, exhaustive analysis of prey and robust analysis is lacking. We gathered data from a culling program of yellow-legged gulls killed by two methods: by the use of raptors or by shooting at random. We compared both data sets to assess whether birds of prey killed randomly or by relying on specific individual features of the prey. We carried out a meticulous post-mortem examination of individuals, and analysing multiple prey characteristics simultaneously we show that raptors did not hunt randomly, but rather preferentially predate on juveniles, sick gulls, and individuals with poor muscle condition. Strikingly, gulls with an unusually good muscle condition were also predated more than expected, supporting the mass-dependent predation risk theory. This article provides a reliable example of how natural selection may operate in the wild and proves that predators mainly prey on substandard individuals.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Carlson, Stephanie M.;Rich, Harry B., Jr.;Quinn, Thomas P.
通讯作者：
Quinn, Thomas P.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
LIMA, SL
通讯作者：
LIMA, SL
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
GOSLER, AG;GREENWOOD, JJD;PERRINS, C
通讯作者：
PERRINS, C
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1979.0081
发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
DAWKINS, R;KREBS, JR
通讯作者：
KREBS, JR
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
LANDE, R;ARNOLD, SJ
通讯作者：
ARNOLD, SJ