JAGGED controls Arabidopsis petal growth and shape by interacting with a divergent polarity field.
JAGGED controls Arabidopsis petal growth and shape by interacting with a divergent polarity field.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001550
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Coen E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sauret-Güeto S;Schiessl K;Bangham A;Sablowski R;Coen E
计算建模和实验表明，拟南芥花瓣如何通过一种生长模式来发展它们的大小和形状，这种生长模式与控制叶子形状的发展框架不同，但在该框架内运作。开花植物产生许多不同的器官，如叶子、花瓣和雄蕊，每一个都有特定的功能和形状。这些类型的器官被认为代表了一个共同的潜在发展计划的变化。然而，目前还不清楚这个程序是如何调制不同的选择性约束下产生的多样性的形式观察。在这里，我们解决这个问题，通过分析拟南芥花瓣的发展和比较的结果，叶片发育模型。我们发现，花瓣的发展涉及到一个不同的极性场与增长率垂直于当地极性增加对花瓣的远端。这一假设得到了支持的克隆诱导在不同的发展阶段和分析的极性标记，这表明一个不同的模式。我们还表明，JAGGED（JAG）有一个关键的作用，在促进远端增强的增长率和影响的程度，极性的分歧领域。此外，我们揭示了极性场和生长素功能之间的联系：生长素响应标记，如DR5有一个更广泛的分布沿着远侧花瓣边缘，与广泛的远侧组织者的极性一致，和PETAL LOSS（PTL），这已被牵连在控制生长素的动态花瓣启动过程中，是直接抑制JAG。通过将这些结果与叶发育研究的结果进行比较，我们展示了对潜在发育系统的简单修饰如何产生不同的形式，为不同器官功能的进化提供灵活性。开花植物产生具有不同形状和功能的器官。例如，叶子是光合器官，而花瓣提供了一个吸引传粉者的广阔展示。尽管这些器官具有多样性，但它们被认为代表了共同潜在发育计划的变体。目前尚不清楚该程序是如何调制，以产生不同的形式，同时也受到选择性的限制。我们解决这个问题，通过确定的增长规则，花瓣形状的基础，并比较这些规则的叶的发展。我们表明，在相反的叶子，它有一个模式的生长方向，收敛向叶尖，花瓣有一个模式的生长方向，扇形。然而，叶和花瓣的生长模式在相同的基本框架内，这涉及到一个内部的极性字段，有一个指定的模式，发生平行或垂直于它的增长率。我们还表明，花瓣的生长模式是锯齿状的控制下，促进增长率在一个特定区域的花瓣，同时也调制组织极性。我们的分析表明，器官形状的差异是通过生长规则之间的相互作用而发展起来的，这些生长规则被限制在一个基本的发育框架内运作，而选择性限制则反映了器官功能。
Computational modeling and experimentation show how Arabidopsis petals develop their size and shape through a growth pattern that is distinct to, but operates within, the developmental framework that also controls leaf shape. A flowering plant generates many different organs such as leaves, petals, and stamens, each with a particular function and shape. These types of organ are thought to represent variations on a common underlying developmental program. However, it is unclear how this program is modulated under different selective constraints to generate the diversity of forms observed. Here we address this problem by analysing the development of Arabidopsis petals and comparing the results to models of leaf development. We show that petal development involves a divergent polarity field with growth rates perpendicular to local polarity increasing towards the distal end of the petal. The hypothesis is supported by the observed pattern of clones induced at various stages of development and by analysis of polarity markers, which show a divergent pattern. We also show that JAGGED (JAG) has a key role in promoting distal enhancement of growth rates and influences the extent of the divergent polarity field. Furthermore, we reveal links between the polarity field and auxin function: auxin-responsive markers such as DR5 have a broader distribution along the distal petal margin, consistent with the broad distal organiser of polarity, and PETAL LOSS (PTL), which has been implicated in the control of auxin dynamics during petal initiation, is directly repressed by JAG. By comparing these results with those from studies on leaf development, we show how simple modifications of an underlying developmental system may generate distinct forms, providing flexibility for the evolution of different organ functions. Flowering plants generate organs with different shapes and functions. Leaves, for example, are photosynthetic organs, while petals provide a broad display that attracts pollinators. In spite of their diversity, these organs are thought to represent variations of a common underlying developmental program. It is unclear how this program is modulated to generate diverse forms, while also being subject to selective constraints. We address this issue by determining the growth rules that underlie petal shape and compare these rules to those for leaf development. We show that, in contrast to the leaf, which has a pattern of growth orientations that converges towards the leaf tip, the petal has a pattern of growth orientations that fans out. Nevertheless, both leaf and petal growth modes operate within the same basic framework, which involves an internal polarity field that has a specified pattern of growth rates that occur parallel or perpendicular to it. We also show that the petal growth pattern is under the control of JAGGED, which promotes growth rates in a particular region of the petal while also modulating tissue polarity. Our analysis suggests that differences in organ shape have evolved through the interplay between growth rules that are constrained to operate within a basic developmental framework and selective constraints that reflect organ function.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Dinneny, JR;Yadegari, R;Weigel, D
通讯作者：
Weigel, D
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Brewer, PB;Howles, PA;Smyth, DR
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Smyth, DR
影响因子：
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作者：
Donnelly, PM;Bonetta, D;Dengler, NG
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Crowell, Elizabeth Faris;Gonneau, Martine;Hoefte, Herman
通讯作者：
Hoefte, Herman
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0509839103
发表时间：
2006-01-31
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Jönsson, H;Heisler, MG;Mjolsness, E
通讯作者：
Mjolsness, E