U1 snRNP telescripting regulates a size-function-stratified human genome.

U1 snRNP telescripting regulates a size-function-stratified human genome.
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DOI:
10.1038/nsmb.3473
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发表时间:
2017-11
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Dreyfuss G
Dreyfuss G
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oh JM;Di C;Venters CC;Guo J;Arai C;So BR;Pinto AM;Zhang Z;Wan L;Younis I;Dreyfuss G

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U1单链RNP(U1)参与内含子剪接和末端转录,抑制早切和多聚腺苷酸化(PCPA)。在人类细胞中使用U1抑制,我们表明U1端粒转录是维持大基因内含子(中位数39kb)长距离转录延伸所必需的。有证据表明PCPA在正常组织中的相同位置广泛存在,这表明大基因会引起自然转录磨损。突显U1末端转录作为一种基于基因大小的mRNA调控机制的重要性的是,小基因对PCPA不敏感,约1,000个小基因(中位数6.8kb)的剪接mRNA生产率在U1抑制后增加。值得注意的是,这些小的、上调的基因丰富了与急性刺激和细胞生存反应相关的功能,而受PCPA影响的基因则丰富了细胞周期进展和发育功能。这种基因大小-功能极化在后生动物进化中通过巨大的内含子扩展而增加。我们认为,远程转录为大小功能分层的基因组增加了一层最重要的调控,通过选择性内含子扩展来迅速改变基因表达的优先顺序。
U1 snRNP (U1) functions in splicing introns and telescripting, which suppresses premature cleavage and polyadenylation (PCPA). Using U1 inhibition in human cells, we show that U1 telescripting is selectively required for sustaining long-distance transcription elongation in introns of large genes (median 39 kb). Evidence of widespread PCPA in the same locations in normal tissues reveals that large genes incur natural transcription attrition. Underscoring the importance of U1 telescripting as a gene-size-based mRNA-regulation mechanism, small genes were not sensitive to PCPA, and the spliced-mRNA productivity of ~1,000 small genes (median 6.8 kb) increased upon U1 inhibition. Notably, these small, upregulated genes were enriched in functions related to acute stimuli and cell-survival response, whereas genes subject to PCPA were enriched in cell-cycle progression and developmental functions. This gene size–function polarization increased in metazoan evolution by enormous intron expansion. We propose that telescripting adds an overarching layer of regulation to size–function-stratified genomes, leveraged by selective intron expansion to rapidly shift gene expression priorities.
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