What optogenetic stimulation is telling us (and failing to tell us) about fast neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in brain circuits for wake-sleep regulation.
What optogenetic stimulation is telling us (and failing to tell us) about fast neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in brain circuits for wake-sleep regulation.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2014.07.016
复制
发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Saper CB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arrigoni E;Saper CB
在过去的八年中，光遗传学工具被广泛用于识别特定神经元群体之间的功能性突触连接。我们的大部分知识来自于表达谷氨酸和GABA释放输入的通道视紫红质-2 （ChR2）的光激活。最近的研究报道了乙酰胆碱和生物胺的释放，但光诱发神经肽释放的直接证据仍然有限，特别是在脑切片研究中。光诱发氨基酸传输反应的高保真度是chr2辅助电路映射的理想选择，这种方法已成功地应用于神经科学的不同领域。相反，神经肽采用一种缓慢的交流模式，可能需要更高频率和更长时间的刺激才能释放。这些因素可能是造成神经肽光遗传释放明显缺乏成功的原因。此外，神经肽一旦释放，往往作用于多个位点，距离释放位点的距离也不同，导致突触后反应更加复杂。在这里，我们关注光遗传学告诉我们的——以及没有告诉我们的——关于快速神经递质和神经肽。
In the last eight years optogenetic tools have been widely used to identify functional synaptic connectivity between specific neuronal populations. Most of our knowledge comes from the photo-activation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressing inputs that release glutamate and GABA. More recent studies have been reporting releases of acetylcholine and biogenic amines but direct evidence for photo-evoked released of neuropetides is still limited particularly in brain slice studies. The high fidelity in the responses with photo-evoked amino-acid transmission is ideal for ChR2-assisted circuit mapping and this approach has been successfully used in different fields of neuroscience. Conversely, neuropeptides employ a slow mode of communication and might require higher frequency and prolonged stimulations to be released. These factors may have contributed to the apparent lack of success for optogenetic release of neuropetides. In addition, once released, neuropeptides often act on multiple sites and at various distances from the site of release resulting in a greater complexity of postsynaptic responses. Here, we focus on what optogenetics is telling us – and failing to tell us – about fast neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Espana, Rodrigo A.;Scammell, Thomas E.
通讯作者：
Scammell, Thomas E.
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Herman, Alexander M.;Huang, Longwen;Arenkiel, Benjamin R.
通讯作者：
Arenkiel, Benjamin R.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1202526109
发表时间：
2012-09-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Carter, Matthew E.;Brill, Julia;de Lecea, Luis
通讯作者：
de Lecea, Luis
影响因子：
25
作者：
Boyden, ES;Zhang, F;Deisseroth, K
通讯作者：
Deisseroth, K
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
通讯作者：
--