A Polychaete's powerful punch: venom gland transcriptomics of Glycera reveals a complex cocktail of toxin homologs.
A Polychaete's powerful punch: venom gland transcriptomics of Glycera reveals a complex cocktail of toxin homologs.
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DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evu190
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发表时间：
2014-09-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bleidorn C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
von Reumont BM;Campbell LI;Richter S;Hering L;Sykes D;Hetmank J;Jenner RA;Bleidorn C
甘油是海洋环节动物，通常被称为血虫。血虫有一个可翻转的喙，装饰着与毒腺相连的下颚。血虫捕食无脊椎动物，并且已知毒腺产生可以在动物中诱导毒性作用的化合物。然而，这些假定的毒素没有一个在分子基础上被表征。本文报道了三种红虫-二鳃野螟（Glycera dibranchiata）、三趾野螟（Glycera fallax）和三趾野螟（Glycera tridactyla）的毒腺以及三趾野螟（Glycera dibranchiata）的体组织的转录组学特征。三趾龙毒腺表达编码推定毒素前体的转录物的复杂混合物。这些转录本代表了20种已知的毒素类别，这些毒素已被聚合招募到动物毒液中，以及可能编码甘油特异性毒素的转录本。毒素代表五个功能类别：孔形成和膜破坏毒素，神经毒素，蛋白酶抑制剂，其他酶和CAP结构域毒素。许多编码推定的甘油毒素的转录本属于已被广泛招募到毒液中的类别，但有些是以前只知道从蝎形鱼和单孔类（石毒素样毒素），turrid腹足类（turripeptide样肽）和海葵（毒素I样神经毒素）的毒液中的毒素的同系物。这种毒素同系物的复杂混合物表明血虫在捕食肉眼可见的猎物时使用毒液，这对以前普遍认为的G。dibranchiata是食鱼动物。我们的研究结果进一步表明，研究人员应该意识到，不同的组装方法，以及不同的同源性预测方法，可以影响毒液腺的转录组学分析。
Glycerids are marine annelids commonly known as bloodworms. Bloodworms have an eversible proboscis adorned with jaws connected to venom glands. Bloodworms prey on invertebrates, and it is known that the venom glands produce compounds that can induce toxic effects in animals. Yet, none of these putative toxins has been characterized on a molecular basis. Here we present the transcriptomic profiles of the venom glands of three species of bloodworm, Glycera dibranchiata, Glycera fallax and Glycera tridactyla, as well as the body tissue of G. tridactyla. The venom glands express a complex mixture of transcripts coding for putative toxin precursors. These transcripts represent 20 known toxin classes that have been convergently recruited into animal venoms, as well as transcripts potentially coding for Glycera-specific toxins. The toxins represent five functional categories: Pore-forming and membrane-disrupting toxins, neurotoxins, protease inhibitors, other enzymes, and CAP domain toxins. Many of the transcripts coding for putative Glycera toxins belong to classes that have been widely recruited into venoms, but some are homologs of toxins previously only known from the venoms of scorpaeniform fish and monotremes (stonustoxin-like toxin), turrid gastropods (turripeptide-like peptides), and sea anemones (gigantoxin I-like neurotoxin). This complex mixture of toxin homologs suggests that bloodworms employ venom while predating on macroscopic prey, casting doubt on the previously widespread opinion that G. dibranchiata is a detritivore. Our results further show that researchers should be aware that different assembly methods, as well as different methods of homology prediction, can influence the transcriptomic profiling of venom glands.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Alarcon-Chaidez FJ;Boppana VD;Hagymasi AT;Adler AJ;Wikel SK
通讯作者：
Wikel SK
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Chagas AC;Calvo E;Rios-Velásquez CM;Pessoa FA;Medeiros JF;Ribeiro JM
通讯作者：
Ribeiro JM
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed A.;Omran, Mohamed Alaa A.;McVean, Alistair
通讯作者：
McVean, Alistair
DOI：
10.1016/0022-0981(84)90002-9
发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
AMBROSE, WG
通讯作者：
AMBROSE, WG
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Chen, DS;Kini, RM;Khoo, HE
通讯作者：
Khoo, HE