Getting confused: learning reduces parasitoid foraging efficiency in some environments with non-host-infested plants
Getting confused: learning reduces parasitoid foraging efficiency in some environments with non-host-infested plants
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感到困惑：在一些没有寄主侵染植物的环境中，学习会降低寄生蜂的觅食效率
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-019-04384-2
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Poelman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vosteen;van den Meiracker;Poelman
觅食动物面临着在复杂的环境中寻找资源的艰巨任务，这些环境中包含着相互矛盾的信息。提供诱人线索的不合适资源的存在可能会混淆觅食动物并降低它们的觅食效率。本研究利用拟寄生物黄颡鱼（cotesia glomeratato）研究了非寄主植物和联想学习对拟寄主觅食效率的影响。InexperiencedC。与非寄主植物相比，被寄主（Pieris brassicae）侵染的植物释放出的挥发物与非寄主（Mamestra brassicae）侵染的植物释放出的挥发物相比，glomerataata并不更喜欢寄主（Pieris brassicae）侵染的植物释放出的挥发物，而寄生蜂通过非寄主侵染的植物到达寄主侵染的植物所需的时间是寄生蜂通过未被寄主侵染的植物的8倍。与我们的预期相反，在被寄主感染的叶子上产卵的经历降低了觅食效率，因为非寄主感染的植物更频繁地访问。产卵经验不仅增加了c的反应性。寄主侵染植物，也吸引植物向草食性诱导挥发物一般。与此相反，未被寄主侵染的叶片导致对未被寄主侵染的植物的吸引力降低，但没有提高觅食效率。我们的研究表明，当非寄主植物丰富时，非寄主植物释放的hipv会混淆觅食的寄生蜂，降低它们的觅食效率。我们的研究结果进一步表明，在非寄主植物存在的情况下，经验对觅食效率的影响取决于奖励和非奖励线索之间的相似性以及寄生蜂获得的奖励和非奖励线索信息的完整性。
Foraging animals face the difficult task to find resources in complex environments that contain conflicting information. The presence of a non-suitable resource that provides attractive cues can be expected to confuse foraging animals and to reduce their foraging efficiency. We used the parasitoidCotesia glomeratato study the effect of non-host-infested plants and associative learning on parasitoid foraging efficiency. InexperiencedC. glomeratadid not prefer volatiles emitted from host (Pieris brassicae)-infested plants over volatiles from non-host (Mamestra brassicae)-infested plants and parasitoids that had to pass non-host-infested plants needed eight times longer to reach the host-infested plant compared to parasitoids that had to pass undamaged plants. Contrary to our expectations, oviposition experience on a host-infested leaf decreased foraging efficiency due to more frequent visits of non-host-infested plants. Oviposition experience did not only increase the responsiveness ofC. glomeratato the host-infested plants, but also the attraction towards herbivore-induced plant volatiles in general. Experience with non-host-infested leaves on the contrary resulted in a reduced attraction towards non-host-infested plants, but did not increase foraging efficiency. Our study shows that HIPVs emitted by non-host-infested plants can confuse foraging parasitoids and reduce their foraging efficiency when non-host-infested plants are abundant. Our results further suggest that the effect of experience on foraging efficiency in the presence of non-host-infested plants depends on the similarity between the rewarding and the non-rewarding cue as well as on the completeness of information that parasitoids have acquired about the rewarding and non-rewarding cues.
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