Macroevolutionary dynamics and historical biogeography of primate diversification inferred from a species supermatrix.

Macroevolutionary dynamics and historical biogeography of primate diversification inferred from a species supermatrix.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0049521
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Murphy WJ
Murphy WJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Springer MS;Meredith RW;Gatesy J;Emerling CA;Park J;Rabosky DL;Stadler T;Steiner C;Ryder OA;Janečka JE;Fisher CA;Murphy WJ

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灵长类物种之间的系统发育关系、分化时间以及生物地理起源模式既复杂又有争议。在此,我们基于69个核基因片段和10个线粒体基因序列(其中大部分从GenBank提取)的拼接,为70个灵长类属和367个灵长类物种构建了一个可靠的分子系统发育树。对具有14个化石校准节点的分化时间进行宽松时钟分析表明,现存灵长类最后共享一个共同祖先的时间是7100 - 6300万年前,并且狐猴型下目和简鼻亚目内部的分化完全发生在白垩纪之后。这些结果与非鸟恐龙的白垩纪 - 古近纪大灭绝在有胎盘哺乳动物的多样化中起重要作用这一假说相符。先前对灵长类历史生物地理学的探究提出非洲、亚洲、欧洲或北美洲是冠群灵长类的起源地区,但这些探究所基于的方法是从系统发育重建中借鉴而来的。相比之下,我们用两种专门为祖先区域重建而开发的方法分析了我们的分子系统发育树,并发现支持现存灵长类最近共同祖先居住在亚洲这一假说的证据。对灵长类宏观进化动力学的分析为中新世晚期多样化速率增加提供了支持,这可能是对全球平均气温升高的响应,并且与化石记录相符。相比之下,多样化分析未能检测到始新世 - 渐新世边界附近速率变化的证据,尽管化石记录为这一时期的一次重大更替事件(“大间断”)提供了明确证据。我们的结果凸显了从分子系统发育树推断多样化动力学的能力和局限性,以及多样化分析对不同物种概念的敏感性。
Phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and patterns of biogeographic descent among primate species are both complex and contentious. Here, we generate a robust molecular phylogeny for 70 primate genera and 367 primate species based on a concatenation of 69 nuclear gene segments and ten mitochondrial gene sequences, most of which were extracted from GenBank. Relaxed clock analyses of divergence times with 14 fossil-calibrated nodes suggest that living Primates last shared a common ancestor 71–63 Ma, and that divergences within both Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini are entirely post-Cretaceous. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs played an important role in the diversification of placental mammals. Previous queries into primate historical biogeography have suggested Africa, Asia, Europe, or North America as the ancestral area of crown primates, but were based on methods that were coopted from phylogeny reconstruction. By contrast, we analyzed our molecular phylogeny with two methods that were developed explicitly for ancestral area reconstruction, and find support for the hypothesis that the most recent common ancestor of living Primates resided in Asia. Analyses of primate macroevolutionary dynamics provide support for a diversification rate increase in the late Miocene, possibly in response to elevated global mean temperatures, and are consistent with the fossil record. By contrast, diversification analyses failed to detect evidence for rate-shift changes near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary even though the fossil record provides clear evidence for a major turnover event (“Grande Coupure”) at this time. Our results highlight the power and limitations of inferring diversification dynamics from molecular phylogenies, as well as the sensitivity of diversification analyses to different species concepts.
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