Long-term woodland restoration on lowland farmland through passive rewilding.
Long-term woodland restoration on lowland farmland through passive rewilding.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0252466
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pywell RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broughton RK;Bullock JM;George C;Hill RA;Hinsley SA;Maziarz M;Melin M;Mountford JO;Sparks TH;Pywell RF
废弃农田上植被的自然演替为被动的再野生化提供了重建原生林地的机会，但在西欧，人们对植被殖民化的模式和结果知之甚少。我们结合时间序列的野外调查和遥感（激光雷达和摄影测量）研究了英格兰两个农田的林地发展，分别为24年和59年：1996年废弃的新荒野（2.1公顷）和1961年废弃的旧荒野（3.9公顷），两者都毗邻古老的林地。新荒野的木本植被殖民化速度很快，86%的植被覆盖率在被遗弃23年后平均高度为2.9米。53年后，老荒野的树木覆盖率为100%，平均高度为13.1 m，上层树冠（≥8 m）覆盖率为91%。在这一阶段，旧荒野的结构特征接近于邻近的古代林地。两种原野的木本树种组成与古林地不同，以动物分布的有花序栎树和结果灌木为主。树木的定植在空间上呈集群分布，风散的普通白蜡（ash Fraxinus excelsior）主要分布在邻近林地和树篱的种子源附近，而橡树的集群可能是由鸟类和啮齿动物囤积橡子造成的。24 a后新原野活树密度为132棵/ha（57%为橡树），59 a后老原野活树密度为390棵/ha（52%为橡树）；枯枝在前者占树干的8%，后者占14%。这些“荒野”遗址的被动重建表明，封闭树冠林地很容易在靠近现有林地的废弃农田上重建，它对草食动物的存在和变化的天气具有弹性，并在大约50年内接近旧森林的高度结构。这项研究为欧洲温带地区提供了有价值的长期参考数据，有助于预测该地区广泛放弃农业用地的潜在后果。
Natural succession of vegetation on abandoned farmland provides opportunities for passive rewilding to re-establish native woodlands, but in Western Europe the patterns and outcomes of vegetation colonisation are poorly known. We combine time series of field surveys and remote sensing (lidar and photogrammetry) to study woodland development on two farmland fields in England over 24 and 59 years respectively: the New Wilderness (2.1 ha) abandoned in 1996, and the Old Wilderness (3.9 ha) abandoned in 1961, both adjacent to ancient woodland. Woody vegetation colonisation of the New Wilderness was rapid, with 86% vegetation cover averaging 2.9 m tall after 23 years post-abandonment. The Old Wilderness had 100% woody cover averaging 13.1 m tall after 53 years, with an overstorey tree-canopy (≥ 8 m tall) covering 91%. By this stage, the structural characteristics of the Old Wilderness were approaching those of neighbouring ancient woodlands. The woody species composition of both Wildernesses differed from ancient woodland, being dominated by animal-dispersed pedunculate oak Quercus robur and berry-bearing shrubs. Tree colonisation was spatially clustered, with wind-dispersed common ash Fraxinus excelsior mostly occurring near seed sources in adjacent woodland and hedgerows, and clusters of oaks probably resulting from acorn hoarding by birds and rodents. After 24 years the density of live trees in the New Wilderness was 132/ha (57% oak), with 390/ha (52% oak) in the Old Wilderness after 59 years; deadwood accounted for 8% of tree stems in the former and 14% in the latter. Passive rewilding of these ‘Wilderness’ sites shows that closed-canopy woodland readily re-established on abandoned farmland close to existing woodland, it was resilient to the presence of herbivores and variable weather, and approached the height structure of older woods within approximately 50 years. This study provides valuable long-term reference data in temperate Europe, helping to inform predictions of the potential outcomes of widespread abandonment of agricultural land in this region.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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