Characterisation of the wildlife reservoir community for human and animal trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia.
Characterisation of the wildlife reservoir community for human and animal trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001211
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发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Welburn SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson NE;Mubanga J;Fevre EM;Picozzi K;Eisler MC;Thomas R;Welburn SC
动物和人类锥虫是撒哈拉以南非洲动物和人类健康的制约因素，但最近很少有证据表明这些寄生虫如何在自然生态系统中的野生宿主中传播。赞比亚的卢安瓜山谷有高密度的采采蝇（舌蝇属），被认为是历史上昏睡病的集中地。本研究的目的是在没有驯化宿主影响的情况下，确定锥虫宿主群落的性质。2005年至2007年，在卢安瓜河谷进行了野生动物宿主锥虫流行率的横断面调查。从418只动物中采集样本，并检查是否存在布氏锥虫s.l.，T. B.罗得西亚锥虫、刚果锥虫和间日锥虫。所有种属的总体感染率为13.9%（95%置信区间[CI]：10.71-17.57%）。感染在以下动物中显著更容易被检测到：水羚（Kobus ellipsiprymnus）（比值比[OR]= 10.5，95% CI：2.36-46.71）、狮子（Panthera leo）（OR = 5.3，95% CI：1.40-19.69）、大捻（Tragelaphus strepsiceros）（OR = 4.7，95% CI：1.41-15.41）和白羚（Tragelaphus scriptus）（OR = 4.5，95% CI：1.51-13.56）。 灌木雄鹿是T.布鲁塞公司而牛科动物对T.刚果语。对T.间日疟原虫不太清楚，但寄生虫最常在水羚中检测到。人感染性T. B.布法罗布鲁塞公司豹（Panthera pardus）感染率的变化表现在物种水平，而不是在家庭或亚科水平。许多重要的风险因素相互作用，影响野生动物的感染率，包括分类，栖息地和血餐偏好。 锥虫寄生虫在这个生物多样性生态系统中广泛而多样的宿主群落中循环。上个世纪以来，土地使用模式的一致性使流行病保持稳定，但最近大量人口和家畜涌入卢安瓜河谷中部，可能会威胁到这一点。动物和人类锥虫是撒哈拉以南非洲动物和人类健康的制约因素，但最近很少有证据表明这些寄生虫如何在自然生态系统中的自然宿主中传播。2005年至2007年，在赞比亚卢安瓜河谷对418个野生动物宿主的锥虫流行情况进行了横断面调查。所有物种的总体患病率为13.9%。感染显着更有可能被检测到的水羚，狮子，大捻和羚羊，与一个明确的模式明显的最重要的主机为每个锥虫物种。首次在非洲布法罗和非洲布氏罗得西亚锥虫体内发现人类感染性布氏罗得西亚锥虫。布鲁塞公司在豹。感染的变异表现在物种水平上，而不是在科或亚科水平上。许多重要的风险因素相互作用，影响野生动物的感染率，包括分类，栖息地和血餐偏好。锥虫寄生虫在这个生物多样性生态系统中广泛而多样的宿主群落中循环。上个世纪以来，土地使用模式的一致性使流行病保持稳定，但最近大量人口和家畜涌入卢安瓜河谷中部，可能会威胁到这一点。
Animal and human trypanosomiasis are constraints to both animal and human health in Sub-Saharan Africa, but there is little recent evidence as to how these parasites circulate in wild hosts in natural ecosystems. The Luangwa Valley in Zambia supports high densities of tsetse flies (Glossina species) and is recognised as an historical sleeping sickness focus. The objective of this study was to characterise the nature of the reservoir community for trypanosomiasis in the absence of influence from domesticated hosts. A cross-sectional survey of trypanosome prevalence in wildlife hosts was conducted in the Luangwa Valley from 2005 to 2007. Samples were collected from 418 animals and were examined for the presence of Trypanosoma brucei s.l., T. b. rhodesiense, Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax using molecular diagnostic techniques. The overall prevalence of infection in all species was 13.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.71–17.57%). Infection was significantly more likely to be detected in waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) (Odds ratio [OR] = 10.5, 95% CI: 2.36–46.71), lion (Panthera leo) (OR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.40–19.69), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.41–15.41) and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.51–13.56). Bushbucks are important hosts for T. brucei s.l. while the Bovidae appear the most important for T. congolense. The epidemiology of T. vivax was less clear, but parasites were detected most frequently in waterbuck. Human infective T. b. rhodesiense were identified for the first time in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and T. brucei s.l. in leopard (Panthera pardus). Variation in infection rates was demonstrated at species level rather than at family or sub-family level. A number of significant risk factors interact to influence infection rates in wildlife including taxonomy, habitat and blood meal preference. Trypanosoma parasites circulate within a wide and diverse host community in this bio-diverse ecosystem. Consistent land use patterns over the last century have resulted in epidemiological stability, but this may be threatened by the recent influx of people and domesticated livestock into the mid-Luangwa Valley. Animal and human trypanosomiasis are constraints to both animal and human health in Sub-Saharan Africa, but there is little recent evidence as to how these parasites circulate in natural hosts in natural ecosystems. A cross-sectional survey of trypanosome prevalence in 418 wildlife hosts was conducted in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia, from 2005 to 2007. The overall prevalence in all species was 13.9%. Infection was significantly more likely to be detected in waterbuck, lion, greater kudu and bushbuck, with a clear pattern apparent of the most important hosts for each trypanosome species. Human infective Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense parasites were identified for the first time in African buffalo and T. brucei s.l. in leopard. Variation in infection is demonstrated at species level rather than at family or sub-family level. A number of significant risk factors are shown to interact to influence infection rates in wildlife including taxonomy, habitat and blood meal preference. Trypanosoma parasites circulate within a wide and diverse host community in this bio-diverse ecosystem. Consistent land use patterns over the last century have resulted in epidemiological stability, but this may be threatened by the recent influx of people and domesticated livestock into the mid-Luangwa Valley.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Cox AP;Tosas O;Tilley A;Picozzi K;Coleman P;Hide G;Welburn SC
通讯作者：
Welburn SC
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Jones KE;Patel NG;Levy MA;Storeygard A;Balk D;Gittleman JL;Daszak P
通讯作者：
Daszak P
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Cox, A;Tilley, A;Welburn, S
通讯作者：
Welburn, S
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Clausen, PH;Adeyemi, I;Staak, C
通讯作者：
Staak, C
DOI：
10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.07.001
发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Becker, S;Franco, JR;Steverding, D
通讯作者：
Steverding, D