Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health.

Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2021.604080
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Yeruva L
Yeruva L
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carr LE;Virmani MD;Rosa F;Munblit D;Matazel KS;Elolimy AA;Yeruva L

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建议新生儿在出生后的前6个月内进行纯母乳喂养,以促进早期及以后的最佳健康结果。人乳含有多种生物活性因子,例如激素、细胞因子、白细胞、免疫球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶、干细胞、人乳寡糖(HMO)、微生物群和microRNA。最近的研究结果强调了将HMO添加到婴儿配方奶粉中的潜在重要性,因为它们在增强新生儿宿主防御机制中的作用。因此,了解人乳生物活性因子对免疫功能的作用,对于围绕母乳喂养建议建立科学证据基础,以及通过修改配方奶粉来增强配方奶粉喂养婴儿的积极健康结果至关重要。然而,关于不同牛奶成分的作用,不同成分之间的相互作用以及健康结果背后的机制仍然存在知识差距。这篇综述的目的是展示目前关于HMO,牛奶微生物群,免疫球蛋白,乳铁蛋白和牛奶microRNAs(miRNAs)的知识,以及这些如何具有类似的调节肠道和微生物群功能的机制。它还将突出未来研究的知识差距。
Exclusive human milk feeding of the newborn is recommended during the first 6 months of life to promote optimal health outcomes during early life and beyond. Human milk contains a variety of bioactive factors such as hormones, cytokines, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, stem cells, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), microbiota, and microRNAs. Recent findings highlighted the potential importance of adding HMOs into infant formula for their roles in enhancing host defense mechanisms in neonates. Therefore, understanding the roles of human milk bioactive factors on immune function is critical to build the scientific evidence base around breastfeeding recommendations, and to enhance positive health outcomes in formula fed infants through modifications to formulas. However, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the roles of different milk components, the interactions between the different components, and the mechanisms behind health outcomes are poorly understood. This review aims to show the current knowledge about HMOs, milk microbiota, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and milk microRNAs (miRNAs) and how these could have similar mechanisms of regulating gut and microbiota function. It will also highlight the knowledge gaps for future research.
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