Community-Level Risk Factors for Firearm Assault and Homicide: The Role of Local Firearm Dealers and Alcohol Outlets.
Community-Level Risk Factors for Firearm Assault and Homicide: The Role of Local Firearm Dealers and Alcohol Outlets.
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DOI：
10.1097/ede.0000000000001670
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发表时间：
2023-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Ahern, Jennifer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pear, Veronica A.;Wintemute, Garen J.;Jewell, Nicholas P.;Cerda, Magdalena;Ahern, Jennifer
查明与火器袭击有关的社区特征有助于预防。我们调查了社区火器经销商和酒精出口密度对火器袭击伤害个人风险的影响。在2005年1月至2015年9月对加利福尼亚人进行的这项密度抽样病例对照研究中，病例包括所有致命或非致命火器袭击伤害的居民。每个月，我们从州人口中以4：1的比例与病例进行对照。暴露是县级典当和非典当枪支经销商和邮政编码级别的场外酒精销售点以及酒吧和酒馆（“酒吧/酒馆”）的月密度。我们使用病例对照加权G计算来估计全州和年轻黑人男性之间的风险差异（RD），将观察到的暴露密度与假设的干预措施进行比较，将这些密度设置为低。我们估计枪支和酒精零售商密度之间的加性相互作用。二次分析检查了针对高暴露密度或结果负担地区的干预措施。有67，850例病例和268，122例对照。观察到典当枪支经销商和场外酒精销售点的密度（与低密度相比）与每10万人每月枪支袭击风险的增加有关（RDPawn经销商：0.06，95%CI：0.05，0.08; RDPoff-premises outsources：0.01，95%CI：0.01，0.03），但非典当枪支经销商和酒吧/酒馆密度没有;仅针对结果负担最高领域的模式也是类似的。在年轻的黑人男性中，估计更大。枪支和酒精零售商密度之间没有相互作用。我们的研究结果是一致的假设，即限制典当枪支经销商和场外酒精出口密度可以减少人际枪支暴力。
Identifying community characteristics associated with firearm assault could facilitate prevention. We investigated the effect of community firearm dealer and alcohol outlet densities on individual risk of firearm assault injury. In this density-sampled case–control study of Californians, January 2005–September 2015, cases comprised all residents with a fatal or nonfatal firearm assault injury. For each month, we sampled controls from the state population in a 4:1 ratio with cases. Exposures were monthly densities of county-level pawn and nonpawn firearm dealers and ZIP code-level off-premises alcohol outlets and bars and pubs (“bars/pubs”). We used case–control-weighted G-computation to estimate risk differences (RD) statewide and among younger Black men, comparing observed exposure densities to hypothetical interventions setting these densities to low. We estimated additive interactions between firearm and alcohol retailer density. Secondary analyses examined interventions targeted to high exposure density or outcome burden areas. There were 67,850 cases and 268,122 controls. Observed (vs. low) densities of pawn firearm dealers and off-premises alcohol outlets were individually associated with elevated monthly risk of firearm assault per 100,000 people (RDpawn dealers: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.08; RDoff-premises outlets: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03), but nonpawn firearm dealer and bar/pub density were not; models targeting only areas with the highest outcome burden were similar. Among younger Black men, estimates were larger. There was no interaction between firearm and alcohol retailer density. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that limiting pawn firearm dealers and off-premises alcohol outlet densities can reduce interpersonal firearm violence.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00912.x
发表时间：
2009-05
期刊：
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Branas CC;Elliott MR;Richmond TS;Culhane DP;Wiebe DJ
通讯作者：
Wiebe DJ
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01117.x
发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gruenewald PJ;Freisthler B;Remer L;Lascala EA;Treno AJ;Ponicki WR
通讯作者：
Ponicki WR