Metabolome Analysis Reveals Betaine Lipids as Major Source for Triglyceride Formation, and the Accumulation of Sedoheptulose during Nitrogen-Starvation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
Metabolome Analysis Reveals Betaine Lipids as Major Source for Triglyceride Formation, and the Accumulation of Sedoheptulose during Nitrogen-Starvation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0164673
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Feussner I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Popko J;Herrfurth C;Feussner K;Ischebeck T;Iven T;Haslam R;Hamilton M;Sayanova O;Napier J;Khozin-Goldberg I;Feussner I
产油微藻被认为是一种有前途的生物燃料生产资源。特别是硅藻作为生物燃料生产者引起了人们的兴趣，因为它们在碳固定方面最具生产力，并且对自然界的环境变化非常灵活。自然地，藻类中的三酰甘油（TAG）积累仅发生在胁迫条件如氮限制下。我们重点关注褐指藻菌株Pt 4（UTEX 646），因为它能够在低盐度培养基中生长，因此适合咸水较少或废水培养策略。我们的数据显示，在氮耗尽过程中，中性脂质的增加，主要是16：0和16：1（n-7）的TAG馏分中积累。TAG的分子种类组成表明主要从甜菜碱脂质二酰基甘油三甲基高丝氨酸（DGTS）的重塑，但不能排除叶绿体半乳糖脂单半乳糖基二酰基甘油（MGDG）的贡献。有趣的是，在所有分析条件下，酰基辅酶A库富含20：5（n-3）和22：6（n-3），但这些脂肪酸几乎被TAG排除在外。氮饥饿下消耗最明显的代谢物是氨基酸、溶血磷脂和三羧酸循环中间产物，而含硫代谢物如二甲基磺基丙酸酯、二甲基磺基丁酸酯和甲基硫酸酯以及短酰基链肉毒碱、丙酰基肉毒碱和丁酰基肉毒碱则在氮饥饿下增加。此外，卡尔文循环可能是失调，因为景天庚酮糖积累后，氮耗尽。这些数据一起为改善褐指藻菌株Pt 4中脂质生产和储存的新策略提供了基础。
Oleaginous microalgae are considered as a promising resource for the production of biofuels. Especially diatoms arouse interest as biofuel producers since they are most productive in carbon fixation and very flexible to environmental changes in the nature. Naturally, triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in algae only occurs under stress conditions like nitrogen-limitation. We focused on Phaeodactylum strain Pt4 (UTEX 646), because of its ability to grow in medium with low salinity and therefore being suited when saline water is less available or for wastewater cultivation strategies. Our data show an increase in neutral lipids during nitrogen-depletion and predominantly 16:0 and 16:1(n-7) accumulated in the TAG fraction. The molecular species composition of TAG suggests a remodeling primarily from the betaine lipid diacylglyceroltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS), but a contribution of the chloroplast galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) cannot be excluded. Interestingly, the acyl-CoA pool is rich in 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) in all analyzed conditions, but these fatty acids are almost excluded from TAG. Other metabolites most obviously depleted under nitrogen-starvation were amino acids, lyso-phospholipids and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, whereas sulfur-containing metabolites as dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfoniobutyrate and methylsulfate as well as short acyl chain carnitines, propanoyl-carnitine and butanoyl-carnitine increased upon nitrogen-starvation. Moreover, the Calvin cycle may be de-regulated since sedoheptulose accumulated after nitrogen-depletion. Together the data provide now the basis for new strategies to improve lipid production and storage in Phaeodactylum strain Pt4.
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