Differential innate immune signalling via Ca(2+) sensor protein kinases.
Differential innate immune signalling via Ca(2+) sensor protein kinases.
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天然免疫是植物和动物抵抗微生物感染的第一道诱导性防御。在这两个王国中，病原体或微生物相关分子模式（PAMP或MAMP）（如鞭毛蛋白）的识别启动了涉及MAP激酶（MAPK）级联和全局转录变化的会聚信号通路，以增强免疫力。虽然Ca 2+长期以来被认为是植物防御反应中必不可少的和保守的主要介质，但Ca 2+信号如何被感知并中继到早期MAMP信号转导中尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用功能基因组筛选和全基因组基因表达谱来表明四种钙依赖性蛋白激酶（CDPKs）是对植物先天免疫信号传导中的转录重编程至关重要的Ca 2+传感器PKs。出乎意料的是，CDPKs和MAPK级联在四种MAMP介导的调控程序中发挥差异作用，以控制参与防御肽和代谢物合成、细胞壁修饰和氧化还原信号传导的早期基因。转录组谱比较表明，CDPK是由大多数MAMP触发的信号传导的汇聚点。cpk双突变体、三突变体和四突变体植物表现出由flg22诱导的逐渐减少的氧化爆发和基因激活，以及受损的病原体防御。相反，钙调素（CAM）和CAM激活的转录因子在植物防御中的负面作用，本研究揭示了Ca2+信号的复杂性，并证明了关键的积极作用，在初始MAMP信号的特定CDPKs。
Innate immunity represents the first line of inducible defense against microbial infection in plants and animals. In both kingdoms, recognition of pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs), such as flagellin, initiates convergent signalling pathways involving MAP kinase (MAPK) cascades and global transcriptional changes to boost immunity. Although Ca2+ has long been recognized as an essential and conserved primary mediator in plant defense responses, how Ca2+ signals are sensed and relayed into early MAMP signalling is unknown. Here, we use a functional genomic screen and genome-wide gene expression profiling to show that four calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are Ca2+ sensor PKs critical to transcriptional reprogramming in plant innate immune signalling. Unexpectedly, CDPKs and MAPK cascades act differentially in four MAMP-mediated regulatory programs to control early genes involved in synthesis of defense peptides and metabolites, cell wall modifications and redox signalling. Transcriptome profile comparison suggests that CDPKs are the convergence point of signalling triggered by most MAMPs. Double, triple and quadruple cpk mutant plants display progressively diminished oxidative burst and gene activation induced by flg22, as well as compromised pathogen defense. In contrast to negative roles of calmodulin (CAM) and a CAM-activated transcription factor in plant defense, the present study reveals Ca2+ signalling complexity and demonstrates key positive roles of specific CDPKs in initial MAMP signalling.
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