Fantastic nuclear envelope herniations and where to find them.

Fantastic nuclear envelope herniations and where to find them.
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神奇的核膜突出以及在哪里可以找到它们。

DOI:
10.1042/bst20170442
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
PatrickLusk,C
PatrickLusk,C
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Thaller,DavidJ;PatrickLusk,C

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细胞核边界膜的形态异常长期以来与癌症、早衰和神经退行性疾病等人类疾病有关。过去几十年的研究支持细胞内在和外在因素(例如机械力)都可以导致核膜“突出”,这是一个广泛的术语,几乎没有揭示导致这些形态缺陷的潜在分子机制。虽然有许多遗传扰动可能最终改变核形状,在这里,我们专注于一个子集的核膜突出,可能出现的结果,破坏生理核膜重塑途径所需的维持核膜稳态。例如,间期核孔复合物(NPC)生物发生途径的停滞和/或NPC质量控制机制的触发可导致芽殖酵母中的突出,这与在早发性肌张力障碍的人类疾病模型中观察到的突出非常相似。通过检查与新兴的核自噬和核出口途径相关的核包膜疝的起源,我们将提供一个框架,以帮助理解有助于核变形的分子途径。
Morphological abnormalities of the bounding membranes of the nucleus have long been associated with human diseases from cancer to premature aging to neurodegeneration. Studies over the past few decades support that there are both cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors (e.g. mechanical force) that can lead to nuclear envelope ‘herniations’, a broad catch-all term that reveals little about the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to these morphological defects. While there are many genetic perturbations that could ultimately change nuclear shape, here, we focus on a subset of nuclear envelope herniations that likely arise as a consequence of disrupting physiological nuclear membrane remodeling pathways required to maintain nuclear envelope homeostasis. For example, stalling of the interphase nuclear pore complex (NPC) biogenesis pathway and/or triggering of NPC quality control mechanisms can lead to herniations in budding yeast, which are remarkably similar to those observed in human disease models of early-onset dystonia. By also examining the provenance of nuclear envelope herniations associated with emerging nuclear autophagy and nuclear egress pathways, we will provide a framework to help understand the molecular pathways that contribute to nuclear deformation.
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