Advances in microfluidic extracellular vesicle analysis for cancer diagnostics.
Advances in microfluidic extracellular vesicle analysis for cancer diagnostics.
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DOI：
10.1039/d1lc00443c
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发表时间：
2021-09-07
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Zeng Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng S;Li Y;Yan H;Wen Y;Zhou X;Friedman L;Zeng Y
由细胞分泌到血流和其他体液中的细胞外囊泡（EV），包括外泌体，已被证明是一类介导细胞间通信的重要信使。肿瘤来源的细胞外囊泡富含来自原始细胞的一组选择性生物分子，包括蛋白质，核酸和脂质，因此为癌症诊断和治疗监测提供了液体活检的新视角。由于其生物起源、物理性质和分子组成的异质性，EV的分离和分子表征仍然具有高度挑战性。微流体技术提供了一个颠覆性的EV分离和分析平台，由于其固有的优势，以促进新的分子和细胞传感系统的发展，提高灵敏度，特异性，空间和时间分辨率，和吞吐量。本文综述了与传统微流控技术相比，用于EV分离和生物物理或生物化学表征的微流控原理和装置的发展现状。我们还将调查适应新的微流体技术的进展，以评估新兴的EV相关生物标志物，主要集中在蛋白质和核酸，用于癌症的临床诊断和预后。最后，我们将讨论EV研究领域目前面临的挑战，以及我们对基于EV的液体活检微流体平台未来发展的展望。
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells into the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, including exosomes, have been demonstrated to be a class of significant messengers that mediate intercellular communications. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in a selective set of biomolecules from original cells, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and thus offer a new perspective of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Owing to the heterogeneity of their biogenesis, physical properties, and molecular constituents, isolation and molecular characterization of EVs remain highly challenging. Microfluidics provides a disruptive platform for EV isolation and analysis owing to its inherent advantages to promote the development of new molecular and cellular sensing systems with improved sensitivity, specificity, spatial and temporal resolution, and throughput. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art advances in the development of microfluidic principles and devices for EV isolation and biophysical or biochemical characterization, in comparison to the conventional counterparts. We will also survey the progress in adapting the new microfluidic techniques to assess the emerging EV-associated biomarkers, mostly focused on proteins and nucleic acids, for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Lastly, we will discuss the current challenges in the field of EV research and our outlook on future development of enabling microfluidic platforms for EV-based liquid biopsy.
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