Direct conversion of fibroblasts to neurons by reprogramming PTB-regulated microRNA circuits.

Direct conversion of fibroblasts to neurons by reprogramming PTB-regulated microRNA circuits.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.045
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发表时间:
2013-01-17
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Fu XD
Fu XD
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xue Y;Ouyang K;Huang J;Zhou Y;Ouyang H;Li H;Wang G;Wu Q;Wei C;Bi Y;Jiang L;Cai Z;Sun H;Zhang K;Zhang Y;Chen J;Fu XD

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一种细胞类型向另一种细胞类型的多能性诱导或转分化可以通过细胞谱系特异性转录因子来完成。在这里,我们报告,在正常大脑发育过程中通过 miR-124 的作用发生的单个 RNA 结合蛋白 PTB 的抑制足以诱导成纤维细胞转分化为功能性神经元。除了其在剪接调节中的传统作用外,我们还发现 PTB 在调节 microRNA 功能方面具有先前未记录的功能,通过与靶 mRNA 竞争性结合或改变局部 RNA 二级结构来抑制或增强 microRNA 靶向。神经元诱导过程中的一个关键事件是解除 PTB 介导的 microRNA 对 REST 复合物多个成分作用的阻断,从而解除非神经元细胞中大量神经元基因的抑制,包括 miR-124 和多个神经元特异性转录因子。这将负反馈回路转变为正反馈回路,从而引发细胞对神经元谱系的重新编程。
The induction of pluripotency or trans-differentiation of one cell type to another can be accomplished with cell lineage-specific transcription factors. Here we report that repression of a single RNA binding protein PTB, which occurs during normal brain development via the action of miR-124, is sufficient to induce trans-differentiation of fibroblasts into functional neurons. Besides its traditional role in regulated splicing, we show that PTB has a previously undocumented function in the regulation of microRNA functions, suppressing or enhancing microRNA targeting by competitive binding on target mRNA or altering local RNA secondary structure. A key event during neuronal induction is the relief of PTB-mediated blockage of microRNA action on multiple components of the REST complex, thereby de-repressing a large array of neuronal genes, including miR-124 and multiple neuronal-specific transcription factors, in non-neuronal cells. This converts a negative feedback loop to a positive one to elicit cellular reprogramming to the neuronal lineage.
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