The importance of acquisition learning on nicotine and varenicline drug substitution in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking task.
The importance of acquisition learning on nicotine and varenicline drug substitution in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking task.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173045
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发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bevins RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thompson BM;Barrett ST;Huynh YW;Kwan DA;Murray JE;Bevins RA
尼古丁和伐尼克兰（Chantix®；领先的非尼古丁戒烟药物疗法）可以控制食欲行为，例如目标追踪。我们在药物区分目标跟踪 (DGT) 任务中测试了大鼠 (N = 48)，其中每只大鼠每天接受皮下注射尼古丁 (0.4 mg/kg) 或盐水 (0.9% [w/v])，穿插在采集阶段（第 1 阶段）。在含盐的日子里，间歇性地提供蔗糖。在尼古丁日，蔗糖被扣留。相对于尼古丁日，所有老鼠在盐水日都获得了更高的目标跟踪率，从而获得了辨别力。获得后，将大鼠分为四组，以评估第二阶段的药物替代和歧视逆转。第一组维持获得时的刺激-强化关系（NIC-）。逆转组现在可以在尼古丁日（NIC+）摄入蔗糖。替代组用伐尼克兰（1 mg/kg）替代尼古丁，同时保持习得刺激-强化关系（VAR−）。替代和逆转组用伐尼克兰替代尼古丁，刺激-强化关系逆转（VAR+）。所有组的老鼠都学会了或维持了第一阶段的歧视。对于第二阶段，逆转组（+条件）在 10 次会议内获得了他们的歧视。 VAR-组在第二阶段开始时表现出一种被破坏的歧视模式，但在继续训练后又恢复了。在替代测试中，VAR 组接受尼古丁，NIC 组接受伐尼克兰。 NIC-和VAR-组显示测试刺激的完全替代，而NIC+和VAR+组显示测试刺激的部分替代。大鼠在第 3 阶段经历尼古丁消退。每组的初始反应模仿第 2 阶段训练（即逆转组的反应更高）。所有大鼠在六次治疗后都保持类似的低水平反应。总之，尼古丁的初始学习历史（即+或-）影响药物刺激替代以及伐尼克兰和尼古丁内感受刺激发生新学习（例如逆转）的速率。
Nicotine and varenicline (Chantix®; the leading non-nicotine cessation pharmacotherapy) can come to control appetitive behaviors such as goal-tracking. We tested rats (N = 48) in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking (DGT) task where each rat received daily subcutaneous injections of either nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% [w/v]) interspersed across the acquisition phase (Phase 1). On saline days, sucrose was intermittently available. On nicotine days, sucrose was withheld. All rats acquired the discrimination with increased goal-tracking rates on saline days relative to nicotine days. Following acquisition, rats were separated into four groups to assess drug-substitution and discrimination reversal in Phase 2. The first group maintained the stimulus-reinforcer relation from acquisition (NIC−). The reversal group was now given access to sucrose on nicotine days (NIC+). The substitution group replaced nicotine with varenicline (1 mg/kg) while maintaining the acquisition stimulus-reinforcer relation (VAR−). The substitution and reversal group had nicotine replaced by varenicline and the stimulus-reinforcer relation reversed (VAR+). Rats in all groups learned or maintained their Phase 1 discriminations. For Phase 2, the reversal groups (+ conditions) acquired their discriminations within 10 sessions. The VAR−group displayed a pattern of disrupted discrimination at the outset of Phase 2 but was reestablished after continued training. In substitution testing, VAR groups received nicotine and NIC groups received varenicline. The NIC−and VAR−groups displayed full substitution of the test stimulus whereas the NIC+ and VAR+ groups displayed partial substitution of the test stimulus. Rats underwent nicotine extinction in Phase 3. Initial responding for each group mimicked Phase 2 training (i.e., higher responding by the reversal groups). All rats maintained similarly low levels of responding after six sessions. In conclusion, initial learning history with nicotine (i.e., + or −) influenced drug-stimulus substitution and the rate at which new learning (e.g., reversal) occurs with the varenicline and nicotine interoceptive stimuli.
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.19.2.165
发表时间：
1993-04-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
BOUTON, ME;BROOKS, DC
通讯作者：
BROOKS, DC
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Barrett, Scott T.;Geary, Trevor N.;Bevins, Rick A.
通讯作者：
Bevins, Rick A.
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Kaisar MA;Prasad S;Liles T;Cucullo L
通讯作者：
Cucullo L
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Cahill, Kate;Stead, Lindsay F.;Polonio, Igor Bastos
通讯作者：
Polonio, Igor Bastos
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Besheer, J;Palmatier, MI;Bevins, RA
通讯作者：
Bevins, RA